The fast pace of today's world has presented several challenges in the area of healthcare. Depression, hypertension, diabetes, cancers and several infectious diseases are just some of the common outcomes associated with the high speed stress-filled lifestyle. Early diagnosis has been the goal for prompt arrest and management of these health conditions. This has been a challenge in recent times. However, great scientific advancement with improved potential in medical diagnosis has equally been a giant stride in times like these. Early disease detection even before symptoms' presentation, improved imaging of internal body structure, as well as ease of diagnostic procedures, have been developed with the help of a new branch of laboratory medicine termed nanodiagnostics. Use of microchips, biosensors, nanorobots, nano identification of single celled structures, and microelectromechanical systems are current techniques being developed for use in nanodiagnostics. This piece of write up takes a panoramic view of available nanotechnological advances in current use for medical diagnosis and projecting into future possibilities and potentials for an improved health care delivery.

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Background and Objective: Chronic or non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly emerging as leading causes of morbidity and premature mortalities globally, with greater effect  being felt in low and middle income nations. As poor health behaviours practised in youthful years have been implicated in developing NCDs in later years in life, It is important to understand the level of awareness of young people regarding NCDs in order to remedy any knowledge gaps and encourage healthy practices among them that will reduce the burden  of these diseases in later life. This  study  seeks  to  describe the knowledge of two groups of final year students of a tertiary institution in Nigeria on the awareness and knowledge of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors. Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey at the University of Lagos, Nigeria during the 2017/2018 academic session. A sample size of 422 final year students were used with convenient stratification. Self administered questionnaires was distributed to the class of  students who consented to participating in the study. The questionnaires were used to assess the level of awareness of the students of non communicable diseases and their risk factors. Data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: A result of 94.7% was obtained. The results show 89.5% versus 65% of students in health related discipline (college of medicine campus) and those in Akoka campus respectively had good knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors while 10.5% versus 35% had poor knowledge. Conclusion: Students in the campus of college of medicine had more knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors. Campus location of students had statistically significant relationship with awareness and knowledge on NCDs. (p, <0.05).

Introduction The presence of comorbidities could affect the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Aim To assess the HRQoL of PLHIV and Hypertension, as well as its association with blood pressure (BP) control. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the HIV clinic of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospial in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, between August and October 2018. The EQ-5D-5L was administered to 201 eligible outpatients in the waiting area of the clinic before consulting the physician. Patients’ socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained from the medical records. Blood pressure was measured using an automatic BP monitor. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20.0. Results Majority (58.6%) of the respondents were females; mean age was 49.59 ± 8.97 years; mean systolic and diastolic BP were 152.77 ± 19.38 mmHg and 90.28 ± 11.33 mmHg, respectively. EQ-VAS and EQ-5D index scores were 80.99 ± 15.97 and 0.86 ± 0.05, respectively. There were no significant differences in EQ-VAS score (z = − 0.113, p = 0.910) or EQ-5D utility (z = − 0.523, p = 0.601) between participants with controlled and uncontrolled BP. Duration on antihypertensive drugs was associated with EQ-VAS score (χ 2 (2) = 6.558, p = 0.038), while employment status was associated with EQ-5D utility (z = − 2.661, p = 0.008). Conclusions PLHIV and hypertension accessing care at a Nigerian hospital reported a high HRQoL, irrespective of BP control status. Nevertheless, there is a need to provide psychological support and employment for this population to maximise their HRQoL. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40292-022-00527-4.

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