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The aim of the study was to establish the complete microbiological profile of boar semen (Sus scrofa domesticus) and to choose the most effective antiseptic measures in order to control and optimize AI reproduction in pig farms. One hundred and one semen samples were collected and analyzed from several pig farms. The microbiological profile of ejaculates was determined by evaluating the degree of contamination of fresh semen and after dilution with specific extenders. The bacterial and fungal load of fresh boar semen recorded an average value of 82.41/0.149 × 103 CFU/mL, while after diluting the ejaculates the contamination value was 0.354/0.140 × 103 CFU/mL. Twenty-four germs (15 bacterial and 9 fungal species) were isolated, the most common being Candida parapsilosis/sake (92%) and Escherichia coli (81.2%). Modification of the sperm collection protocol (HPBC) reduced contamination in raw sperm by 49.85% in bacteria (significant (p < 0.00001) and by 9.67% in fungi (non-significant (p < 0.111491). The load in bacteria and filamentous fungi can be controllable, but not in levuras fungi. Some fluconazole-added extenders (12.5 mg%), ensure fungal aseptization, and even an increase in sperm progressivity (8.39%) for at least a 12 h shelf life after dilution. Validation of sperm aseptization was done by maintaining sow fecundity unchanged after AI (insignificant p > 0.05).

Background:The success of an embryo transfer protocol in sheep depends on many factors, but the choice of drugs for the desired superovulation as well as the conception rate (CR) are most essential. Reproductive activity in sheep is characterized by a seasonality influenced by several factors such as photoperiod, latitude, temperature, nutrition and breed. Reproductive seasonality and nutritional condition are the main factors that influence embryo production in sheep. In sheep, some anatomical peculiarities limit the application of traditional reproductive biotechnologies used in cattle. Objectives:The aim of this study was to conclude on the effectiveness of a wider on farm in vivo embryo transfer development programme in Suffolk sheep by streamlining hormone therapies and optimizing technique.Methods: A total number of 60 sheep and three rams were included in this study, divided into two groups (receptors and donors). Donor Suffolk sheep were treated for superovulation using the P4-PGF-FSH multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET) protocol, while the cross-bred recipients' group was synchronized with P4-PGF-PMSG.Results: On the first day after superovulation, all ovaries had more than five dominant follicles, while corpora lutea were later observed in 83.3% sheep. The recovery rate was 83.3%, while 72.9% embryos were transferable. Embryos were transferred directly into recipients. Fertility after 30 days was 68.57%, lambing rate was 91.6% and CR was 62.85%. This study showed that veterinary drugs (P4, FSH, LH, PMSG, PGF) used for superovulation optimized by us were capable of producing by this improved technique the optimization of the reproduction indices at embryo-transfer (ET) and to be able to be used successfully. Conclusions:The application of an MOET protocol has a positive effect in the production of in vivo embryo production (IVD) embryos in Suffolk sheep and can guarantee the success of embryo transfer activity to ewes with lower genetic merit. Our research aimed at representing a model for sheep farms for a rapid improvement of productive traits.

Ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) represents the presence of functional ovarian tissue after routine castration of the bitch, caused either by surgeon error or the presence of anomalous ovarian tissue. The piece of ovary that remains after the surgery, may continue to develop and become functional, secreting hormones as estrogen and progesterone which cause signs of pro-estrus or estrus, even pseudocyesis. All those signs cause consternation among owners, who thought that the reproductive activity in their dog will be completely abolished. One mixedbreed, 6 years old bitch, 27.3 kg, spayed 8 months before, was presented with purulent vaginal discharge and mammary lumps, after the animal has been treated by her veterinarian with Proligestone to suppress the persisting estrus signs. Our investigations included vaginal cytology, vaginoscopy, the examination of the mammary chain, ultrasound, radiography, serum chemistry, blood count and histopathological examinations. The ultrasound revealed a filled uterine stump and the presence of a mass caudal the right kidney, which was suspected as an ovarian neoplasm. The examination of the mammary chain revealed masses in right M 3, M4, M5 glands and in the left M2 gland. The bitch underwent surgery, and the results of the histopathological examination were: dysgerminoma, pyometra, and the mammary masses were classified as carcinomas. In this paper we wanted to underline the fact that the Ovarian Remnant Syndrome may imply serious clinical consequences which can even lead to the death of the animal. We recommend as a method of treatment for this condition the surgical removal of the remnant tissue.

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