The effect of fermented apple pomace (FAP) on animal health, antioxidant activity (AA), hematic biometry (HBm) and the development of ruminal epithelium were investigated in a study with 24 finishing lambs (BW = 25.4 ± 3.3 Kg). Lambs were grouped by sex (12 male and 12 female) and fed (n = 6 per group of treatment) a basal fattening diet (Control diet, T1) or the basal diet supplemented to include 10.91% of fermented apple pomace (FAP diet, T2). The animals were kept 56 d in individual metabolic cages, with ad libitum access to water and feed. Two blood samples were collected from each animal on d 0, 28, and 56 to determine AA in plasma and hematic biometry (HBm). Four samples of ruminal tissue were taken postmortem to evaluate the development of ruminal epithelium based on the length (LP) and width (WP) of papillae. AA and HBm data were analyzed with a mixed model (fixed effects: diet, sampling, sex, and their interaction; using the experimental unit nested in the effect of the diet as the random effect). LP and WP were analyzed with a hierarchical model, as simple and nested effects in the sampling site, where the fixed effects were the diet and the sex of the animal and their interaction. There was an effect of diet on AA, which was higher (P < 0.06) in T2 vs. T1 at 56 d (24.34 vs. 21.79 mM Fe2). Leukocytes increased (P < 0.05) from 7.52*10(3) ± 1.29*10/(3)μL to 9.14*10(3) ± 1.24*10(3)/μL in all the animals in the experiment, with a marked increased (P < 0.05) at 28 d after beginning of the feeding period, with values within the normal range for this species and without effect of the diet (P > 0.05) for the other indicators of HBm. Males' LP was higher in T2 than in T1 (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the use of FAP in the diets of finishing sheep reaped benefits on animal health and the development of rumen epithelium by improving antioxidant activity in plasma and stimulating the growth of papillae.
ABSTRACT. Aquaponics can be de ned as the integration of hydroponic plant production in a recirculating aquaculture system and has been proposed as a sustainable method to control the accumulation of waste produced by sh farming. The objective of the present study was to determine the biomass production and its feed potential of Myriophyllum aquaticum, Limnobium laevigatum, Lemna minor and Salvinia molesta grown in aquaponics. To evaluate the chemical compositions of these species, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent ber, acid detergent ber, lignin, ash, ether extract, gross energy, calcium, and phosphorus of the aquatic plants were determined. Based on the results of this study, aquatic plants are considered to ful ll most of the nutritional requirements of productive animal species. Therefore, it is feasible to use them as the main ingredient in whole animal rations, with an emphasis on Myriophyllum aquaticum and Lemna minor as alternative food sources for di erent animal species, opening the way to aquaponic fodder production. Aquatic plants are interesting alternative, unconventional feed sources, especially because their high growth rates and nutritional qualities make it feasible to use them for animal consumption. However, Salvinia molesta has no value as fodder, especially because of its lignin concentration, which could a ect the fodder digestibility.Key words: Aquatic plants, biomass, fodder, nutritional characterization, Recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) RESUMEN. La acuaponía es una alternativa sustentable para el control de los desechos acumulados que se producen en los cultivos acuícolas, puede ser de nida como la integración del cultivo de plantas en camas hidropónicas en un sistema de recircualción acuícola. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la producción de biomasa y evaluar el potencial forrajero por medio de la composición química de Myriophyllum aquaticum, Limnobium laevigatum, Lemna minor y Salvinia molesta cultivadas en acuaponía. Se determino el contenido de materia seca, materia orgánica, proteína cruda, bra neutro detergente, bra ácido detergente, lignina, cenizas, extracto étereo, energía bruta, calcio y fósforo. Las plantas acuáticas evaluadas cubren los requerimientos nutricionales de la mayoría de las especies animales productivas, siendo posible su incorporación como ingredientes en las raciones para animales, en particular Myriophyllum aquaticum y Lemna minor son una alternativa para la alimentación animal, como forrajes acuapónicos. Las hidró tas son una fuente no convencional y alternativa de forraje, por su rápido crecimiento y calidad nutrimental, para el consumo animal. Mientras que Salvinia molesta, no tiene valor como forraje por su concentración de lignina,
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral sodium chlorate administration on reducing total coliform populations in ewes. A 30% sodium chlorate product or a sodium chloride placebo was administered to twelve lactating Dorper X Blackbelly or Pelibuey crossbred ewes averaging 65 kg body weight. The ewes were adapted to diet and management. Ewes were randomly assigned (4/treatment) to one of three treatments which were administered twice daily by oral gavage for five consecutive days: a control (TC) consisting of 3 g sodium chloride/animal/d, a T3 treatment consisting of 1.8 g of sodium chlorate/animal/d, and a T9 treatment consisting of 5.4 g sodium chlorate/animal/d; the latter was intended to approximate a lowest known effective dose. Ruminal samples collected by stomach tube and freshly voided fecal samples were collected daily beginning 3 days before treatment initiation and for 6 days thereafter. Contents were cultured quantitatively to enumerate total coliforms. There were no significant differences in total coliform numbers (log10 cfu/g) in the feces between treatments (P = 0.832). There were differences (P < 0.02) in ruminal coliform counts (log10 cfu/mL) between treatments (4.1, 4.3 and 5.0 log10/mL contents in TC, T3 and T9 Treatments, respectively) which tended to increase from the beginning of treatment until the 5th day of treatment (P < 0.05). Overall, we did not obtain the expected results with oral administration of sodium chloride at the applied doses. By comparing the trends in coliform populations in the rumen contents in all treatments, there was an increase over the days. The opposite trend occurred in the feces, due mainly to differences among rumen contents and feces in ewes administered the T9 treatment (P = 0.06). These results suggest that the low chlorate doses used here were suboptimal for the control of coliforms in the gastrointestinal tract of ewes.
Se evaluó un aditivo líquido de levadura (ALL) de manzana sobre el comportamiento productivo de cerdos en etapa de crecimientofinalización. Se probaron cuatro niveles de ALL kg−1 de alimento de la dieta: 0 mL kg−1 (T1: control), 50 mL kg−1 (T2), 100 mL kg−1 (T3) y 150 mL kg−1 (T4). Se utilizaron 24 cerdos con una edad promedio de 30 días y un peso inicial promedio de 28.170 ± 3.6 kg. Las variables evaluadas fueron: peso vivo (PV), consumo diario de alimento (CDA), ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) y conversión alimenticia (CA). Se realizó un análisis univariado para detectar diferencias estadísticas entre tratamientos utilizando un nivel de confianza de un α = 0.05. El T3 fue mejor (P < 0.05) para PV, GDP, CDA y CA. Se concluye que la adición de 100 mL de ALL por kg de alimento en la dieta de crecimiento-finalización de cerdos mejora su respuesta productiva.
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