Hypertension is an emerging challenge in rural India. We need health promotion programs and reorientation of primary health care to improve hypertension detection and management.
The present study attempted to analyse the efficiency level of paddy farms in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu state in India. The input oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was employed to estimate technical, pure technical, scale, allocative and economic efficiency in the selected paddy farms. The results of the study showed that there exist potential for increasing the paddy output further by 20 percent in the farm holdings by following the best-practices of efficient farms. The study also revealed that 36 percent of the farm were operating at optimal scale and more than seventy per cent of the farms were operating below 50 percent of allocative and economic efficiency levels. The findings also indicated that all the farm inputs were used excessively by the sample farms; the excessive use of nitrogen and women labour was found in the case of fifty percent of the sample farms.
We estimated the incidence of laboratory-confirmed dengue patients for Surat city, India, using surveillance data from 2011 to 2016 and described the related entomological indices and climatic factors. There was a rise in incidence from 1.5 to 17.6 per 100,000 population, as the numbers of notified cases have increased because of better surveillance system. The case notification was 1.3 times higher for the public sector than the private sector. The larval indices were below the transmission level (House index, Breteau index < 1%). The median age of dengue patients was 20 years (IQR: 14-28), with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Five peripheral vector control units contributed to 1,013 (41.4%) confirmed cases with rising incidence in other units also. The number of dengue patients peaked during post-monsoon. Spearman's correlation of vector density with humidity (r s = 0.556), rainfall (r s = 0.644), and number of cases (r s = 0.708) suggested climate favorable for vector breeding. There is a good system of public-private coordination for dengue surveillance. However, there is a need to reassess the vector indices threshold for transmission in the city.
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