Limited literatures exist on fouling organisms attached to mangrove in Ambon Inner Bay (AIB). The purpose of this research is to obtain updated information on fouling organism in this ecosystem. Samplings were carried out in two periods, representing first transition period and west monsoons, at two different locations in AIB (Poka and Kate-kate). Methods used were direct observation and descriptive exploration during sampling. Fouling organisms and mangrove type were identified using identification books. The results obtained indicate that predominant organisms belonged to mollusks and crustacea. Four gastropod species (Littorina scabra, Nerita oualaniens, Terebralia sulcata, Cassidula nucleus) and one bivalve (Saccostrea cucullata) were identified. Clibanarius ambonensis and Cardisoma carnifex were the species identified from crustacea group. Type of mangrove found, either naturally or through replanting program in Poka were Rhizophora apiculata, R. stylosa and Sonneratia alba. There were four different species found in Kate-kate (S. alba, R. apiculata, Ceriops tagal and Aegiceras corniculatum).Keywords: fouling organisms, mangrove ecosystem, Ambon Inner Bay
Around 77% of Indonesian islands is small islands and Indonesia known as mega biodiversity center, but coastal biodiversity of small islands was not well documented. The objective of this study is to assess coastal biodiversity in small islands and its conservation status. The study indicated that small islands provide complex biodiversity ranging from ecosystem to species. Diversity index of mangrove: 1.4-1.8, seagrass: 1.5–1.9, coral: 1.7–2.3. Ecosystem condition in urban small island was poor and in rural small island was healthy. The islands also provide fauna diversity i.e mollusc (110 species), crabs (52 species), and coral fish (261 species). Diversity of mollusc and crabs in rural island was higher than in urban island, χ2 (1) = 1.3, p< 0.001 and χ2 (1) = 4.3, p< 0.002, respectively. Diversity index of coral fish range from 2.14 to 4.27 (mean: 3.4). Most of the biodiversity located outside protected area and main threats were ecosystem degradation, pollution, overexploitation, and sedimentation. In conclusion, small islands are important coastal biodiversity spots, but it faces tremendous threats. The study recommends better management of coastal biodiversity i.e. establishing coastal protected areas in small islands, building marine corridor, and public awareness to ensure biodiversity conservation.
Pole and line fisheries are highly dependent on bait availability. The problem of bait lies in-stock availability and improper handling methods cause the bait to become stressed and die. This research aimed to analyse the effect of bait on the pole and line fishing process. This research was a survey through field observations. This research used descriptive analysis. Data were collected including on bait, the fishing process, and catch. The results showed that the pole and line process was one-day fishing. The bait volume used was 25 buckets. The pole and line catching process is quite involved and includes the process of transferring the live bait from the hold into the stocking tank using a large hand net with a 32 cm diameter, the chumming process or the process of spreading live bait using a small scoop net with a diameter of 13.5 cm, and the actual fishing process. The total catch was 500 individuals/trip or 2.5 tons, including Katsuwonus pelamis, Euthynnus affinis, Thunnus albacares and Coryphaena hippurus. Fishing was carried out as a one-day fishing process because it was based on the availability of bait. Fish resource utilization is managed by fishermen optimally because it affects fish consumption.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.