Evaluation of the effects of an eight-week innovative FITT program of PhysicalEducation to Physical Activity (PA) and health-related fitness (HRF). In the experimental group (N=92), with FITT guidelines, the students have been "introduced" to the development of the HRF zone. There have been 16 classes for the development of the aerobic fitness and 8 classes for the development of muscular fitness. Flexibility has been developed in the final parts of each class. The control group (N=86) attended traditional classes of the same volume. Before and after the intervention, the HRF components evaluation was performed with the battery of FITNESSGRAM tests and the PA by the pedometer OMRON HJ-320. Both groups showed a significant increase in the maximum consumption of oxygen and the number of depleted shares (PACER laps), with the simultaneous decrease in the PA level. The FITT program significantly contributed to the improvement of aerobic fitness, muscular fitness and partially flexibility. There was no difference between the group in the body composition and the PA level. FITT intervention is a promising school strategy for improving the aerobic and muscular fitness of students.
The aim of the study was to examine changes in obesity prevalence among primary school children in Serbia between 2015 and 2019 rounds of the national WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI-Serbia). Cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2015 and 2019. The nationally representative samples of primary school children were measured for body height and weight, following the COSI protocol. Body Mass Index was calculated, and the IOTF and WHO definitions were used to classify children as overweight or obese. Participants were children of both sexes aged 7.00–8.99 years (n = 6105). Significant differences in overweight (obesity included) prevalence between two COSI rounds were identified regardless of definitions applied. According to the WHO definitions, prevalence of overweight and obesity combined increased in 7–9-year-old children in Serbia from 30.7% in 2015 to 34.8% in 2019 (z = −3.309, p < 0.05), and according to the IOTF standards, the increase from 22.8% to 30% was registered (z = −6.08, p = 0.00). The childhood overweight/obesity rate is increasing in Serbia, which places monitoring and surveillance of children’s nutritional status high on the public health agenda.
The aim of the research is to examine the volume of aerobic activities of elementary school, third grade, students at physical education FITT (acronym for frequency, intensity, duration and type of activity) classes. At one physical education (PE) class a pedometer was used to monitor the values students had accumulated in each planned activity. The results indicate that boys statistically accumulate more steps than girls (2828 ± 337 steps, vs 2703 ± 250 steps): t(89) = -1.99; p = .049; η2 = .04. Most students have singled out the elementary game as the most interesting activity. During the game the greatest activity volume was achieved (180 steps/min). The FITT PE class can provide one third of the daily recommended steps and 45 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity which is 100% of the class. Elementary games have the greatest potential for increasing the intensity, and therefore the scope of pupils' activities of the younger school age. Class planning requires the choice of various, fun and interesting content which contribute to high MVPA rate, to individualise activities according to students’ capabilities, with appropriate work organisation contemporary inclusion of all the children into exercising process and to decrease the “loss of time” during setting up the formation and explanation of simpler content.
The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to examine dietary patterns and the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among Serbian children. Furthermore, the study analyzed the association between dietary patterns and weight status. A nationally representative sample of 6–9-year-old children (n = 3,067) was evaluated as part of the Fifth Round World Health Organization European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative. The children's height and weight were measured by trained field examiners, while their parents or guardians filled paper versions of the food frequency questionnaire to collect information related to the child's breakfast habits and food and beverage intake. According to the International Obesity Task Force cut-off points, the overall prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and underweight were 28.9 and 8.1%, respectively. The majority of parents reported that their children (84.5%) had breakfast every day, while only 39.5 and 37% of children had daily fruit and vegetable consumption, respectively. The children who do not eat breakfast every day are more likely to be obese (OR = 1.50), while a higher intake frequency of nutrient-poor beverages such as soft drinks increases the risk of being not only overweight (OR = 1.32) but also underweight (OR = 1.39). Regular monitoring and understanding of dietary patterns and weight status is crucial to inform, design, and implement strategies to reduce national and global diet and obesity-related diseases. Urgent actions need to be taken from public policymakers to stop and reverse the increasing trend of overweight (including obesity) among Serbian children.
SažetakU cilju utvrđivanja kvantitativnih razlika u motoričkim sposobnostima i osnovnim antropometrijskim karakteristikama po polu, učestvovalo je 123 učenika četvrtog razreda osnovne škole -uzrasta 10,5 godina. Primenjena tehnika istraživanja je testiranje. Za uzorak mernih instrumenata primenjena je baterija od 2 osnovne antropometrijske mere i 14 motoričkih testova. Primenom kanoničke diskriminativne analize dolazi se do rezultata koji ukazuju na postojanje statistički značajnih kvantitativnih razlika u motoričkim sposobnostima dečaka i devojčica, ali ne i u antropometrijskim karakteristikama. U skoro svim motoričkim varijablama statistički značajno su bolji dečaci, osim u varijablama za procenu gipkosti koja je značajnije izražena kod devojčica, dok u antropometrijskim karakteristikama ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u odnosu na pol. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja zaključujemo da je u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja sa učenicima četvrtog razreda osnovne škole potrebno diferencirati decu po polu, zbog različitog nivoa motoričkih sposobnosti. Učenicima četvrtog razreda ne samo što je potreban različit pristup u radu, nego i češća fizička aktivnost koja je nezamenljiva u razvoju i odrastanju.Ključne reči: fizičko vaspitanje, motorički prostor. Uvod"Dolaskom u školu prestaje za dete više ili manje bezbrižan način života i nastaje nov, organizovani rad koji u velikoj meri ograničava slobodu kretanja." (Leskošek, 1976). Ograničavanje slobode pokreta deteta, doprinose sedentarne aktivnosti. Polaskom u školu, menjaju se navike i usled školskih obaveza deca su prinuđena da veći deo dana provedu u sedentarnim aktivnostima. Deci je potrebno i dalje pružati priliku da se dovoljno kreću i igraju. Svakodnevno fizičko vežbanje doprinosi kvalitetnijem odrastanju, pa su naročito pogodni u ovom uzrastu preskoci, skokovi, provlačenja, penjanja, puzanja, bacanja, hvatanja, dodavanja, šutiranja kako bi se razvile manje grupe mišića, naročito ruku i nogu (Leskošek, 1976). Svakako, da je od velikog značaja uskladiti učenje koje zahteva sedenje, sa fizičkim vežbanjem koje je često samo u sklopu časova obavezne nastave fizičkog vaspitanja i slobodno provedenim vremenom koje opet najčešće bude provedeno ispred kompjutera i televizije. Slobodno vreme učenika od 1 do 4 razreda osnovne škole provedeno u statičnoj aktivnosti značajno je više (27%) nego u kineziološkoj aktivnosti (17%), a s obzirom da se među mladima sve više primećuje povećana telesna težina i nervna napetost, situacija je prilično opasna. (Prskalo i sar., 2007). Razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti direktno utiče i na rast i razvoj deteta. "Motoričke sposobnosti, za koje se često koriste i neki drugi termini nisu ništa drugo do jedna strana
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