+ nonets.'' I n this model the lower-mass s t a t e s €(800), K(900), S*(980), and 6(980) would c o m p r i s e a four-quark nonet, while the s t a t e s in the conventional 6!G nonet would lie in the 1200-1600 MeV m a s s region. This s c h e m e c a n accommodate p o s s~b l e new s t a t e s a s 99 s y s t e m s . However, :);ere i s no d i r e c t evidence f o r a ~( 9 0 0 )s t a t e , and I~S existence r e q u i r e s a r a t h e r unconventional interpre-

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Amyloid fibrils were isolated from the leptomeningeal blood vessels obtained at autopsy from three Icelandic patients dying of Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis (HCHWA) and verified by Congo red staining and electron microscopy. Gel filtration on Sephadex and Ultrogel columns yielded predominantly one component (molecular weight 11,500 daltons) and also another minor component (molecular weight 15,800 daltons). Automated amino terminal sequencing showed these proteins to be similar (36 residues) to a recently described human protein, gamma trace, beginning at its eleventh amino terminal residue. The amyloid deposits in all three patients stained with rabbit anti-gamma trace antiserum. Although the function of gamma trace is not known, it appears to have structural homology with several hormones and has been localized to the brain, pancreas and pituitary. The amyloid fibril subunits seem to have polymerized after cleavage of the amino terminal decapeptide from gamma trace-related proteins. Therefore, HCHWA appears to be the first genetically determined disease related to the gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine system.

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Hereditary CNS amyloid angiopathy occurring in Icelanders is the first human disorder known to be caused by deposition of cystatin C amyloid fibrils in the walls of the brain arteries leading to single or or multiple strokes with fatal outcome. One or more affected members have been verified by histological examination in 8 families containing 127 affected. These originated from the same geographic area. Abnormally low value of cystatin C found in the cerebrospinal fluid of those affected can be used to support or make diagnosis of this disease, also in asymptomatic relatives. By amino acid sequence analysis the amyloid fibrils in the patients are found to be a variant of cystatin C (gamma-trace), a major cysteine proteinase inhibitor. The variant protein has an amino acid substitution (glutamine for leucine) at position 58 in the amyloid molecule. It is postulated that a point mutation has occurred leading to production of amyloidogenic protein causing the disorder.

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The claim that argumentation has no proper role in either philosophy or education, and especially not in philosophical education, flies in the face of both conventional wisdom and traditional pedagogy. There is, however, something to be said for it because it is really only provocative against a certain philosophical backdrop. Our understanding of the concept "argument" is both reflected by and molded by the specific metaphor that argument-is-war, something with winners and losers, offensive and defensive moments, and an essentially adversarial structure. Such arguments may be suitable for teaching a philosophy, but not for teaching philosophy. Surely, education and philosophy do not need to be conceived as having an adversarial essence-if indeed they are thought to have any essence at all. Accordingly, philosophy and education need more pragmatic goals than even Pierce's idealized notion of truth as the end of inquiry, e.g., the simple furtherance of inquiry. For this, new metaphors for framing and understanding the concept of argumentation are needed, and some suggestions in that direction will be considered.