The gradual phasing-out of asbestos in automotive brake friction materials in many parts of the world has sparked the onset of extensive research and development into safer alternatives. As a result, the brake friction industry has seen the birth of different brake pads and shoes in the past decade, each with their own unique composition, yet performing the very same task and claiming to be better than others. This suggests that the selection of brake friction materials is based more on tradition and experimental trial and error rather than fundamental understanding. This review strives to eliminate the cloud of uncertainty by providing an insight into the pros and cons of the common ingredients and make-up used in contemporary dry and wet friction pads and shoes. In this paper typical brake materials are reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages in contemporary brake applications are discussed.

This study examined the success rates of single immediate implants and their associated biological, hardware and aesthetic complications. Using a developed search strategy, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on single-unit immediate implants with at least six human participants, a minimum follow-up time of 12 months and published between January 1999 and January 2021 were identified. Data was extracted independently using pre-designed data extraction forms. Information on success rates and associated biological, hardware and aesthetic complications were obtained and assessed. Out of 191 potentially eligible studies, 26 RCTs assessing 1270 patients with a total of 1326 single implants were included and further evaluated. In this review, success rate was reported to be 96.7–100% over a total of 9 studies. However, there was a lack of consensus on a universal success criterion between authors emphasizing the need for agreement. The average follow up was 29 months and most reported complications were aesthetic (63 cases, 4.7%), whilst there were relatively fewer biological, (20 cases, 1.5%), and hardware complications (24 cases, 1.8%). Success rate is an uncommon clinical outcome with 9 out of 26 of the selected RCTs reporting it. In these studies, single immediate implants showed a high success rate with low numbers of biological and hardware complications, and high patient satisfaction with aesthetics were reported in the short-term follow-up of one year.

Антиблокировочная система тормозов (АБС) предназначена предотвратить блокировку колес при торможении и сохранить управляемость автомобиля. Она повышает эффективность торможения, уменьшает длину тормозного пути, позволяет обеспечивать лучшую маневренность на скользкой дороге и управляемость при экстренном торможении. В работе представлен анализ некоторых моментов взаимодействия колеса с дорогой в режиме торможения является. Anti-lock braking system is designed to prevent the wheels from locking when braking and keep the vehicle steerable. The anti-lock braking system improves braking efficiency, shortens the braking distance, provides better maneuverability on slippery roads, and emergency braking control. The paper presents the analysis of some moments of interaction of the wheel with the road in the braking mode.