Lavandula dentata L. is an aromatic plant used in folk medicine for different purposes and, for this reason, phytochemical surveys have been carried out in the search for bioactive substances aiming to support its uses. Since there is little knowledge on the structural aspects of L. dentata, this work has studied the anatomical characters of the leaf and stem using light and scanning electron microscopy, in order to assist the species identification. As a result, there are different types of trichomes: capitate glandular with uni- or bicellular head, peltate glandular with multicellular head, and branched non-glandular. The leaf is hypostomatic showing diacytic stomata. The epidermis is uniseriate and coated with striate cuticle. The mesophyll is dorsiventral and the midrib is concave-convex and traversed by a single collateral vascular bundle. The stem is quadrangular and has alternating strands of collenchyma and cortical parenchyma as well as a typical endodermis in the cortex. The phloem and xylem cylinders are traversed by narrow rays and there is an incomplete sclerenchymatic sheath adjoining the phloem. These results are a novelty for the species and contribute to distinguish it from other lavenders.
RESUMO:A família Annonaceae possui representantes de distribuição tropical e subtropical, que sintetizam metabólitos bioativos como alcaloides, flavonoides, óleos essenciais, mucilagem e acetogeninas. Estas últimas têm sido investigadas por apresentarem diversas atividades farmacológicas de interesse. Rollinia rugulosa é uma planta arbórea nativa empregada na medicina popular como diurético e anti-infeccioso, enquanto que R. mucosa é uma árvore cultivada no Brasil e utilizada para tratar problemas de garganta. Face à escassez de informações, este trabalho investigou a anatomia foliar e caulinar dessas plantas medicinais, antevendo uma aplicabilidade no controle de qualidade farmacognóstico. Lâminas semipermanentes e permanentes foram preparadas para serem observadas em microscopia de luz. Adicionalmente, foram realizados testes microquímicos e análise ultraestrutural por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os caracteres anatômicos de folha e caule das duas espécies são semelhantes. Ambas apresentam folha hipoestomática com estômatos paracíticos, tricomas tectores pluricelulares e mesofilo dorsiventral. A nervura central é côncavo-convexa e atravessada por feixes vasculares colaterais. No caule, ocorrem células pétreas e são observados os mesmos idioblastos presentes na folha, ou seja, cristais de oxalato de cálcio e células contendo mucilagem. Esses caracteres revelam-se de importância diagnóstica para o nível de família e devem ser associados a outros dados morfológicos para permitirem a diferenciação de espécies correlatas. Palavras-chave: Annona mucosa, Annona rugulosa, cristal de oxalato de cálcio, mucilagem, planta medicinal ABSTRACT:The Annonaceae family has tropical and subtropical members which produce bioactive metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils, mucilage and acetogenins. The latter have been investigated for showing many interesting pharmacological activities. Rollinia rugulosa is a native woody plant used in folk medicine as diuretic and antiinfectious, while R. mucosa is a tree cultivated in Brazil and used for treating throat problems. Due to scanty information, this work has investigated the leaf and stem anatomy of these medicinal species, foreseeing a potential applicability in quality control of vegetal drugs. Semipermanent and permanent slides were prepared for light microscopic analysis. Microchemical tests and scanning electron microscopy were also performed. The anatomical characters of the leaf and stem of the two species are similar. Both have shown hypostomatic leaf with paracytic stomata, multicellular nonglandular trichomes and dorsiventral mesophyll. The midrib is concave-convex and traversed by collateral vascular bundles. In the stem, it is encountered stone cells and the same idioblasts seen in the leaf, that is, calcium oxalate crystals and mucilage cells.
RESUMO:A espécie Podocarpus lambertii, denominada vulgarmente de pinheiro-bravo, é nativa do Brasil e ocorre tipicamente em oresta semidecídua de altitude e mata de pinhais. É uma árvore dioica, perenifólia e helióta, que pode atingir 15 m de altura, utilizada popularmente na terapêutica, em razão da resina com atividade antimicrobiana. Como pouco se sabe sobre as características anatômicas dessa planta medicinal, este trabalho realizou a diagnose microscópica de folha e caule de P. lambertii, com ns de identicação para o controle de qualidade farmacognóstico. Folhas adultas e caules jovens foram xados, seccionados à mão livre ou em micrótomo de rotação, e corados. Na folha, em vista frontal, ocorrem estômatos exclusivamente na face abaxial, distribuídos em leiras. As células epidérmicas têm formato retangular e paredes anticlinais com pequenas ondulações. Em secção transversal, há epiderme unisseriada, camada subepidérmica de bras junto a ambas as superfícies, mesolo isobilateral, um único feixe vascular colateral na nervura central e tecido de transfusão acessório em meio ao clorênquima e ao sistema vascular. No caule, o felogênio tem instalação nas camadas intermediárias do córtex e ocorrem bras, esclereídes e um cilindro contínuo de oema externamente ao de xilema. Dutos secretores estão presentes nos órgãos vegetativos analisados. Palavras-chave: Anatomia vegetal, droga vegetal, farmacobotânica, pinheiro-bravo, planta medicinal ABSTRACT:Podocarpus lambertii, popularly known as pinheiro-bravo in Portuguese, is an indigenous species found in semideciduous highland forest and pine wood. It is a dioecious tree, perennial and heliophyte that can reach 15 m high, and used in folk medicine due to the antimicrobial activity of the resin. Since little knowledge is available about this medicinal plant, this work has carried out the microscopic diagnosis of the leaf and stem of P. lambertii for the pharmacognostic quality control. Mature leaves and young stems were xed, sectioned either by freehand or rotary microtome, and then stained. In the leaf, in face view, it occurs stomata restricted to the abaxial surface and arranged in rows. The epidermal cells have rectangular shape and slightly wavy anticlinal walls. In cross-section, it is found uniseriate epidermis, subepidermal layer of bres next to both surfaces, isobilateral mesophyll, a single collateral vascular bundle in the midrib and accessory transfusion tissue between the chlorenchyma and the
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