h i g h l i g h t sPhysical properties of PVA. Application of PVA in cement-based composite materials. Effects of PVA on the engineering properties of cement-based composite materials. Effects of PVA on the microstructure behavior of cement-based composite materials. a r t i c l e i n f o
t r a c tPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was created about 90 years ago as the first synthetic colloid and it has been used for various applications since then. One of the significant applications of PVA is in the building industry. It was found that PVA can be used as a modifier, aggregate surface pre-treatment agent and fiber reinforcement in cement-based composite materials. This paper provides a review on the physical properties of PVA and discusses on the effects of PVA towards the engineering properties of cement-based composite materials. The effects of PVA on the changes in the fracture surface, structure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and composition in ITZ of cement-based composite materials are also presented. In addition, the needs in research for future development of PVA in the building industry are also addressed.
The first part of this experimental program was to determine the structural bond properties of lightweight concrete incorporating solid waste oil palm shell (OPS) as coarse aggregate and also to compare its behaviour with other types of lightweight aggregate concretes. Other properties of OPS concrete namely the split tensile strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were also determined. The structural bond properties were determined through pull-out test. The results showed that the experimental bond strength of OPS concrete was much higher than the design bond strength as stipulated by BS 8110. In general, the properties of OPS concrete compared well with that of other structural lightweight concretes and the results obtained encourage the use of OPS as aggregates for the production of structural lightweight concrete. The second part of the experimental program investigates the durability performance of OPS concrete through water permeability and water absorption tests.
This paper presents an investigation on the flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams produced from oil palm shell (OPS) aggregates. Utilising OPS in concrete production not only solves the problem of disposing this solid waste but also helps conserve natural resources. A total of 6 under-reinforced beams with varying reinforcement ratios (0.52% to 3.90%) were fabricated and tested. Data presented include the deflection characteristics, cracking behaviour, ductility indices and end-rotations. The investigation revealed that the flexural behaviour of reinforced OPS concrete beams was comparable to that of other lightweight concretes and the experimental results compare reasonably well with the current Codes of Practice. It was observed that beams with low reinforcement ratios satisfied all the serviceability requirements as per BS 8110.
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