AVWS is detected in half of the children with high intra- or extracardiac stenoses and resolves completely after surgical or interventional repair. Even when undergoing surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass, excessive surgical site bleeding was not detected in our study patients.
SUMMARY Twenty-six patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome were studied by echocardiography. They were classified into the following WPW types: anterior right ventricular pre-excitation ( Since its recognition in 1930 there have been numerous reports of cardiac abnormalities associated with WPW. These include Ebstein's anomaly, tricuspid atresia, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, coarctation of the aorta, corrected transposition of the great vessels, tetralogy of Fallot and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.9'0 The true incidence of these conditions associated with WPW is unknown.The purposes of this study were to utilize echocardiography to determine the motion of the interventricular septum in WPW, and to assess the incidence of cardiac abnormalities associated with the WPW syndrome.
MethodsPatients were identified by reviewing the ECG files at the University of Iowa Hospital and Veterans Administration Hospital in Iowa City. Preliminary ECG criteria for identification were a P-R interval of less than 0.12 sec and a delta wave. No attempts were made to select patients by age, sex or cardiac diagnosis. All patients with at least one ECG meeting these preliminary criteria were contacted by letter and telephone; 26 responded and these were the subjects of the study.All 26 patients underwent physical examination, 12 lead scalar electrocardiography, Frank system vectorcardiog-
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