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This paper reviews a number of mathematical models used to represent the nonlinear behavior of the magnetic core of instrument transformers. Models of instrument transformers using these core representations are presented. The transient response of the instrument transformer is compared to actual test results recorded in the laboratory. The paper provides practical guidelines as to which of the physical elements of instrument transformers are important to model during transient studies and which elements could be ignored without sacrificing the accuracy of the simulation results. The electromagnetic transients program (EMTP) data files used to generate the models are also provided in the appendix to help new EMTP users model instrument transformers for evaluation of high-speed protective relaying systems.

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Overview of MisoDerations ExaeriencedThis paper serves as a n introduction to the TrialUse Standard ANSI/IEEE C37.90.2, "Withstand Capability of Relay Systems to Radiated E 1 ec t r o ma g n e t ic Interference from T r a n sce i v e r s. " It provides background information on the need for the standard, a summary of the withstand test parameters a n d procedures, and some of the comments which have been made on the standard. Those interested in the material presented in the summary paper should obtain the complete standard. 90 SM 304-6 PWRD A paper recommended and approved by t h e IEEE Power System Relaying Committee of t h e IEEE Power Engineering S o c i e t y for p r e s e n t a t i o n a t t h e IEEE /PES 1990 Summer Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota,