The problem of air pollution is one of the global problems of mankind at the present time. The Irkutsk region has been one of the “leaders” in Russia with the highest excess in air concentrations of maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants during the past decades. The current situation has a very negative impact on the environmental well-being of both adults and children. In the conditions of the prevailing realities, an immediate modernization of production is required, aimed at eliminating or reducing such a prolonged negative impact. The construction and installation of a sulfur recovery unit at oil refineries complies with the latest environmental protection requirements and contributes to a significant reduction in emissions of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide. The environmental and economic feasibility of such production modernization is illustrated by the example of the Angarsk Petrochemical Company JSC.
At present, environmental pollution by fuel combustion products is one of the key problems in the heat supply sector. It affects the entire population of the Earth. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the necessity of ecological upgrading of thermal power facilities in the Irkutsk region and using a part of municipal solid waste as an alternative fuel at thermal power facilities of the Russian Federation. The research shows that the use of the two kinds of fuel (solid biofuel and alternative fuel) can reduce the anthropogenic load. This measure can be a way of energy efficient disposal of accumulated and annually generated production and consumer waste. The transition to alternative fuels can be most efficiently implemented in boiler houses. This is due to lower capital investments in the modernization of boiler houses as compared to the modernization of thermal power plants. The calculations in the article confirm that the implementation of environmental modernization of regional heat supply systems is not economically beneficial for entrepreneurs. The state should supplement the methods of regulation with targeted co-financing of programs for the modernization of thermal power facilities in order to accelerate the processes of modernization of heat supply in the Russian Federation. At the same time, the recipients of support must comply with the established indicators further on.
The current set of problems in the field of heat power engineering has remained unresolved for many years. Ecological modernization of fixed assets of heat supply enterprises is defined as the main direction of ensuring the activities of regional heat supply systems in this article. The subject of the research is a set of theoretical, methodological and practical issues of the analysis of indicators of the ecological and economic efficiency of the boiler house modernization project. The purpose of the study is to analyze the ecological and economic efficiency of the project for the modernization of boiler houses to replace coal with more environmentally friendly fuels. The study has been carried out using a set of methods: comparative analysis, analysis of structure, financial analysis. The use of solid biofuels makes it possible to reduce the anthropogenic load from heat supply enterprises. The ecological effect consists in the reduction of total emissions into the atmosphere by 69 times or by 321 tons per year of the boiler house on bit fuel compared to a similar boiler house on coal. The economic effect for the boiler house lies in the possibility of saving on fees for the negative impact on the environment, depending on the fuel used. The calculations show that payments for negative impact on the environment have a small share in the cost of steam and hot water production by boiler houses. In this connection, this cannot become a motive for reducing the negative impact. It is necessary to establish standards for the negative impact and waste disposal at a minimum level in order to form a material interest among economic entities in reducing the anthropogenic load on the environment. The author has calculated the environmental and economic indicators of the project for the modernization of regional heat supply systems, based on the transition from using coal as the main fuel. This calculation can become the basis for the state program for the modernization of thermal energy
Strengthening international efforts to implement climate policy and accelerate the transition to a “green economy” is a modern challenge to the energy security of the Russian Federation. The enterprises of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) play a key role in the economy of the Russian Federation, but they have a continuous negative impact on the environment. The subject of the research is a set of theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of increasing the energy security of heat supply in the Russian Federation by replacing coal with more environmentally friendly fuels. The purpose of the study is to propose a way to improve the energy security of heat supply in the Russian Federation by replacing coal with more environmentally friendly fuels. The study has been carried out using a set of methods: comparative analysis, analysis of structure, financial analysis. Coal makes up about 80 % of the total amount of raw materials used to generate heat in the Irkutsk region. This has a significant impact on the degree of environmental pollution. There is a possibility of using part of production and consumption waste as an alternative fuel (RDF) for thermal power facilities in the Russian Federation to improve the energy security of heat supply. Fuel for the production of thermal energy can be obtained as a result of processing production and consumption waste. This will lead to a solution to the problem of garbage disposal. The problem in the field of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the Irkutsk region is aggravated by the fact that the waste processing complex, waste handling and waste sorting complexes are absent on the territory of the region. An analysis of the financial indicators of the incineration plant operating in the Russian Federation shows that the financial results of operations are negative for 2019, 2020. It is necessary to create state-owned enterprises for the production of steam and hot water in the Russian Federation using a combination of two types of fuel: biofuel and RDF to accelerate the modernization of heat supply sources
Energy security issues are becoming increasingly important due to the aggravation of the political and economic situation in the world. The development of a methodology for assessing the energy security of heat supply to determine its level is necessary for public authorities. The subject of the study is a set of theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of improving the energy security of heat supply in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the level of energy security of the heat supply system (ESHSS) for its application in order to assess the impact of planned measures in the field of heat supply on improving energy security. The methodological basis of the study is presented by a systematic approach and private-scientific methods: comparative analysis, indicative analysis, statistical methods. The system of indicators of energy security of heat supply at the federal and regional levels is defined in the article based on the consideration of heat supply as an economic system included in the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation. The proposed system includes twelve indicators grouped into four components of ESHSS: consumer, industrial, economic and environmental safety. The methodology for assessing the level of energy security of the heat supply system at the federal and regional levels, including a system of indicators, is proposed in the article. The final level of EBST is defined as normal, pre-crisis or crisis, according to the developed methodology. The limits of values for the three levels of ESHSS are calculated for each indicator using statistical methods. The determination of the final level of ESHSS is carried out according to the results of the scoring. To improve state regulation, it is proposed to use the developed methodology for assessing the energy security of the heat supply system in the formation of the fuel and energy complex development program in the part relating to the development of heat supply systems. For example, the reduction of norms of negative impact and waste disposal will lead to the formation of economic entities in the field of heat supply of material interest in the transition to the use of renewable energy sources
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