Four failure zones are defined for the three‐layer model, Al2O3|c‐Zr(8Y)O2/Al2O3|Al2O3 ceramic composite in flexure as a function of inner‐layer composition and geometry. An optimum flexural strength is predicted based on thermal expansion coefficients and elastic moduli. Tunnel‐crack threshold and flexural strength predictions are supported by experimental evidence and displayed in failure‐map form. Many three‐dimensional surface graphs and cutaways of such are used to explain the ramifications (in terms of laminate strength) of choosing various layer thickness values and inner‐layer compositions for a representative trilayer laminate system.
High feed rates may be achieved when finish milling titanium (Ti6AI4V) alloy (300HB) at speeds of 152–305 m/min (500–1000sfm). Three tool materials (micro-grain C2 carbide, fine-grained C2 carbide, and a TiAIN coated carbide) were tested using liquid (flood and through-spindle coolant (TSC) at pressures of 2.07 MPa), pressurized air (69–689 kPa (10–100psi)), and dry (no coolant) coolant conditions to prolong tool life. Tool wear manifested itself in two distinct patterns, gradual flank wear or micro-chipping leading to gross fracture. Which of these will lead to tool failure, will depend largely on the ability of the coolant to cool the tool (retard flank wear) without inducing thermal shock. Typically, under pressurized air, speeds up to 267 m/min (875sfm) and chip loads of 0.057–0.114 mm (0.00225–0.0045") may be attained.
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