547.916.665.33 and D. A. Rakhimov Free and bound lipids from Helianthus tuberosus tubers were investigated. Neutral, glyco-and phospholipid classes and their fatty-acid compositions were determined. The composition of unsaponified substances was established.Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) is an herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family that is used to treat sugar diabetes and to normalize intestinal microflora during disbacteriosis. Tubers of this plant contain carbohydrates, vitamins, and trace elements (iron, potassium, manganese, iodine, zinc, etc.) [1]. Furthermore, protein from Jerusalem artichoke is rich in many essential amino acids and contains inulin, monosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, and pectinic substances [2].Lipids from an unknown species of Jerusalem artichoke have been previously studied [3]. The low moisture content (33.8%) of the tubers was consistent with prolonged storage of them.We studied lipids from H. tuberosus tubers, variety Fais-barak, grown at the Scientific Research Institute of Plant Cultivation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.The average mass of tubers varied in the range 46.0-63.1 g. The moisture content was 77.5%. Total lipids (TL), free lipids (FL), and bound lipids (BL) were extracted from tubers that were dried to 7.6% moisture content. The amounts of extracted lipids were 0.56, 0.39, and 0.36% for TL, FR, and BL, respectively.The TL were light-yellow and contained carotinoid pigments that amounted to 34.7 mg %. The BL were separated by PTLC into neutral (NL), glucolipids (GL), and phospholipids (PL), the yields of which were 29.9, 46.9, and 23.2%, respectively.The FL, which consisted mainly of NL, and NL were isolated from the BL and analyzed by TLC using systems 1-4. We observed the following classes of NL: paraffinic and olefinic hydrocarbons, the isoprenoid hydrocarbon squalene, tocopherols, triacylglycerides, free fatty acids, isoprenoid alcohols, triterpenols, and sterols.The PL were analyzed by two-dimensional TLC using systems 5 and 6. Phophatidylinositols (PI), phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylglycerines (PG), and phosphatidic acid were identified.Analysis of GL by TLC using systems 7 and 8 detected sulfolipids, digalactosyldiglycerides, sterolglycosides, cerebrosides, and monogalactosyldiglycerides. The main GL were sterolglycosides and digalactosyldiglycerides. Table 1 lists the fatty acids of NL isolated from BL, FL, GL, and PL as determined by GC. Table 1 shows that the qualitative composition of the fatty acids in all lipid classes is the same and consists of 10 acids. However, they differ significantly quantitatively. The 18:0 and 16:0 acids dominate the saturated acids from polar lipids. The NL isolated from BL contain a large amount of linoleic acid (53.0%) and small amounts of 12:0, 13:0, and 14:0 acids. The total amount of unsaturated fatty acids in them is greater than 70%.Next we investigated unsaponified substances (US) from Jerusalem artichoke that were isolated from the total lipids. The yield was 5.2%...
Arctium lappa L. (Compositae) (burdock) is a large perennial herbaceous plant that has been known since antiquity for its useful properties [1].Roots of burdock are used in folk medicine as a tincture, decoction, extract, and oil for gout, rheumatism, and several skin diseases and as a diuretic and pathogenic agent. It is used topically for eczema, ulcers, skin eruptions, festering wounds, furunculosis, sciatica, and radiculitis.The useful properties of burdock are due to the components contained in it. These are up to 45% of the polysaccharide inulin, 12.3% protein, up to 0.2% essential oil, up to 3.9% fatty oil, organic acids, 13.2% carotinoids, 0.7% flavonoids, and tanning agents and bitter principles [2].The goal of our work was to obtain the dry extract from burdock roots and to study its chemical composition. The raw materials for obtaining the dry extract were roots cultivated and collected in Parkent Region, Tashkent Oblast, Uzbekistan.Biologically active substances were isolated from the roots by extraction with hot H 2 O. Then the extract was filtered, condensed in vacuo, and dried in a drying cabinet at 60 ± 5°C to constant weight. The yield of dry extract was 28%. The dry extract was a freely flowing powder without aroma and with a slightly mucilaginous and sweetish taste and moisture content 7-8%. In contrast with starch, it did not give a color with I 2 and did not reduce Fehling solution. It turned red on treatment with resorcinol and HCl. The analysis was carried out using methods for dry extracts [3]. The inulin content (40.5%) in the dry extract of burdock roots was determined by the literature method [4].The majority of trace elements affects hematopoiesis and protein and electrolyte exchange in vivo. Trace elements in turn exhibit a definite physiological action. A deficiency or excess of them in vivo leads to the development of several diseases. Atomic absorption spectrometry on a Unicam 929 Solar Systems spectrometer (England) was used to study the trace-element composition and to quantify their contents in the dry extract. The dry extract of burdock roots contained eight trace elements. The results are given below:The amounts of K, Mg, Na, and Fe were the greatest of all observed trace elements; Mn, the least. This is important for patients with diabetes mellitus [5]. It should be noted that the content of K, which plays an important role in in vivo exchange processes, was high in burdock roots.Thus, the results indicated that the contents of certain trace elements can be an indicator that the plants assimilate from the soil the elements required for their metabolism. The variations in their contents depend on the habitat conditions.
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