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This paper presents a new attempt to investigate the cooling mechanism of glass panes with down-flowing water film during fire outbreak by simulating the heat energy conservation equation using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The nature of meshfree SPH method used allows us to predict the temperature distribution efficiently in continuous flow problems in contrast with mesh-based methods. To validate and show the efficiency of the proposed SPH model, the results from our simulation at specific conditions were compared with experimental measurements and results from commercial software packages. Furthermore, the new SPH model is utilized to simulate the effects of heat flux variation, down-flowing velocity and thickness of water film on temperature distribution of glass during fire. The developed SPH model is well able to describe glass cooling under different conditions. The computational results show that the rate of cooling increases when velocity or thickness of down-flowing water film increases. However, the glass temperature increases when heat flux increases.

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In this paper, envelope analysis equations for two-span continuous girder bridges were presented by deriving the analysis equation for uniformly distributed loading, concentrated loading and moving loads (single and multiple wheel loads). Most bridge engineers are using special software's to find the moment, shear and deflection envelopes for bridge girder, the complexity for this analysis increasing with the number of spans, most of cases are one-span and two-span continuous bridge, the two-span continuous bridge is more complicated which was presented in this paper, the same methodology can be applied in one-span bridge. The objective of this paper was to give all the bridge engineers direct equations for complete analysis (moment, shear and deflection) for two-span continuous bridge with more accuracy than most bridge software's by adapting continuous moving of wheel loads rather than using interval check distance to move the concentrated loads as in most of bridge software's. Pinned end boundary condition was presented here. The results were showed that shear envelope, moment envelope and maximum envelope deflection values were obtained by direct equations for twospan continuous girder bridges under single and multiple moving loads.