These last years, artificial neural networks (ANN) have known a renewed interest since efficient training procedures have emerged to learn the so called deep neural networks (DNN), i.e. ANN with at least two hidden layers. In the same time, the computational auditory scene recognition (CASR) problem which consists in estimating the environment around a device from the received audio signal has been investigated. Most of works which deal with the CASR problem have tried to find well-adapted features for this problem. However, these features are generally combined with a classical classifier. In this paper, we introduce DNN in the CASR field and we show that such networks can provide promising results and perform better than standard classifiers when the same features are used.
Algorithms for learning to rank Web documents, display ads, or other types of items constitute a fundamental component of search engines and more generally of online services. In such systems, when a user makes a request or visits a web page, an ordered list of items (e.g. documents or ads) is displayed; the user scans this list in order, and clicks on the first relevant item if any. When the user clicks on an item, the reward collected by the system typically decreases with the position of the item in the displayed list. The main challenge in the design of sequential list selection algorithms stems from the fact that the probabilities with which the user clicks on the various items are unknown and need to be learned. We formulate the design of such algorithms as a stochastic bandit optimization problem. This problem differs from the classical bandit framework: (1) the type of feedback received by the system depends on the actual relevance of the various items in the displayed list (if the user clicks on the last item, we know that none of the previous items in the list are relevant); (2) there are inherent correlations between the average relevance of the items (e.g. the user may be interested in a specific topic only). We assume that items are categorized according to their topic and that users are clustered, so that users of the same cluster are interested in the same topic. We investigate several scenarios depending on the available sideinformation on the user before selecting the displayed list: (a) we first treat the case where the topic the user is interested in is known when she places a request; (b) we then study the case where the user cluster is known but the mapping between user clusters and topics is unknown. For both scenarios, we derive regret lower bounds and devise algorithms that approach these fundamental limits.
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