Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase (FAP), one of the few natural photoenzymes characterized so far, is a promising biocatalyst for lipid-to-hydrocarbon conversion using light. However, the optimum supramolecular organization under which the fatty acid (FA) substrate should be presented to FAP has not been addressed. Using palmitic acid embedded in phospholipid liposomes, phospholipid-stabilized microemulsions and mixed micelles, we show that FAP displays a preference for FAs present in liposomes and at the surface of microemulsions. Adsorption kinetics onto phospholipid and galactolipid monomolecular films further suggests the ability of FAP to bind to and penetrate into membranes, with higher affinity in the presence of FAs. FAP structure reveals a potential interfacial recognition site with clusters of hydrophobic and basic residues surrounding the active site entrance. The resulting dipolar moment suggests the orientation of FAP at negatively charged interfaces. These findings provide important clues for the mode of action of FAP and the development of FAP-based bioconversion processes. ASSOCIATED CONTENT Supporting InformationThe Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website.Experimental procedures, Supplementary figures, Protein sequences as described in the text. (PDF)