El SARS-CoV-2 pertenece a la familia de los β-coronavirus, los cuales son virus de ácido ribonucleico (ARN) de cadena simple, polaridad positiva, envueltos, no segmentados, con genoma de 27 a 32 kb y tamaño de 80-160 nm. Son los virus de ARN más grandes hasta ahora descubiertos y pertenecen al grupo IV de la clasificación de Baltimore. 1 Se conocen hasta ahora cuatro géneros y se distinguen por el huésped al que infectan: α-coronavirus: mamíferos, β-coronavirus (subdivididos en los grupos AD): mamíferos, γ-coronavirus: aves, peces, y por último δ-coronavirus: aves. 2 En la actualidad, existen siete coronavirus que infectan al humano 1 (Tabla 1). Los tres coronavirus que afectan al humano y que tienen elevada patogenicidad son: síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave-1 (SARS-CoV-1), síndrome respiratorio de Oriente Medio (MERS-CoV) y síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave-2 (SARS-CoV-2), los cuales se han caracterizado por asociarse a enfermedad grave. 2 En la Tabla 2 se describe la fecha, origen, tipo de receptor, enfermedad causada, número de países afectados, total de casos confirmados, defunciones y número de reproducción básica (R0) hasta el día 8 de Características del SARS-CoV-2 y sus mecanismos de transmisión SARS-CoV-2; Virus characteristics and transmission
Background Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is challenging as it is a rare disease with unknown etiology, risk factors difficult to establish, and controversies regarding its treatment. Here we describe demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with IGM diagnosed at a cancer referral center, as well as the microbial isolates and treatment. Methods We reviewed the clinical charts of patients with IGM, diagnosed from 2004 to 2019. Males were excluded. Demographic data, past medical history, signs and symptoms, clinical examination findings, radiological and microbiological results, and treatments were retrieved. Frequencies were calculated for qualitative variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables. Association between categorical variables was explored with a logistic regression to identify risk factors associated with treatment response. Results Two hundred cases of IGM, with a median age of 38 years, were reviewed. Concerning past medical history data, 66 patients (33.8%) were obese; 45 (30.4%) had used hormonal therapy; 6 (3.4%) had an autoimmune disease; 158 (89.8%) had been pregnant and 100 (77.5%) had breastfed. The most common signs were skin induration (65%), a delimited mass (64.5%), and suppuration (52%). On imaging findings, 53.8% was suspicious for malignancy. Culture was performed on 88 patients (44%), 32 had a microorganism isolated, most commonly Staphylococcus spp. (n=16; 51.6%) and Corynebacterium spp. (n=7; 22.6%). The most common treatment was an antibiotic regimen (n=84, 42%). Improvement was noted with the first-line therapy in 92 patients (46%). Fourteen patients (7%) had persistent symptoms and 46 (23%), relapsed. The presence of fever (OR 11.94; CI95% 1.33-106.80; p=0.027) or induration (OR 2.78; CI95% 1.25-6.19; p=0.012) were associated with a poor response. Conclusion We describe one of the largest IGM series in Latin America, on a population similar to those from other resource-limited countries. Fever and induration were associated to a greater risk of failure to initial treatment. The isolation of Corynebacterium spp. has also been described in other series. The variation of initial therapeutic strategies is an opportunity to standardize treatment by the means of prospective studies. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.