Carbon
hybrid aerogels (CAs), formed by different carbon allotropes
and/or nanostructures, are reviewed. Hybrid aerogels are composed
by CNT–graphene (graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide),
CNT–carbon foam, graphene–hollow carbon semispheres,
spheres, capsules, and foam. Both MWCNTs and SWCNTs are known to form
hybrid aerogels. The addition of carbon or graphene quantum dots or
lanthanide oxides provides luminescent properties of the formed composites.
Third counterparts can be metals, their oxides, hydroxides, and sulfides,
as well as some polymers. Hybrid aerogels are generally synthesized
through freeze-drying and pyrolysis as the last reaction steps and
possess high specific surface area and certain electric conductivity.
Main applications of carbon hybrid aerogels are in the areas of supercapacitors,
sensors, fuel cells, adsorption of organic pollutants and heavy-metal
ions, and microwave absorbers, among others.
It is well known that hybrid and composite materials exhibit improved properties in comparison with their individual components. Carbon–carbon materials have excellent thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. In this chapter, hybrids and compounds based on classic carbon nanostructures like CNTs and/or less common structures like nanospheres, nanoballs, or nanorings are reviewed. The main applications of these carbon–carbon materials include catalysis, energy storage, sensors, among others.
Carbon hybrids and composites are materials that have promoted technological advances in different applications such as energy storage, catalysis, solar cells, environmental remediation, manufacture of biosensors, etc. For this reason, in this chapter we make an analysis of composites, the synergies of their components and the advantages of incorporating these materials in modern technologies, focusing mainly on those that have graphite, graphene and graphene oxide as the base component in their structure. Since these carbon structures alone have attractive properties for a wide variety of applications, they can also function as host material that promotes synergy between the components of the hybrid material through their covalent or van der Waals interactions between the carbon atoms, granting significant improvements to its original properties or, in some cases, allowing the appearance of unusual properties compared to their individual counterparts.
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