Thyroid hormones (THs) exert instrumental effects in regulating lipids metabolism. Whereas, research investigating the relationship between sensitivity indices to THs and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have contradicted this. This study was designed to approach the correlation between sensitivity indices to THs and MAFLD in euthyroid subjects. Methods: An overall sample of 6356 euthyroid participants were enrolled in a Chinese hospital. Free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine ratio (FT3/FT4), thyrotropin triiodothyronine resistance index (TT3RI), thyrotropin thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI), thyroid stimulating hormone index (TSHI) and thyroid feedback quantile-based indices (TFQI FT3 and TFQI FT4 ) were collected as sensitivity indicators to THs. Participants were split into two groups based on whether they suffered with MAFLD or not. And participants were categorized into quartiles based on sensitivity indicators to THs. The effects of sensitivity indices to THs on MAFLD were analyzed using regression analysis. Bootstrap was performed to assess the mediation effect of triglyceride glucose (TyG) index on the relationship between sensitivity parameters to THs and MAFLD. Results: The incidence of MAFLD in euthyroid subjects was 34.47%. As FT3/FT4, TT3RI and TFQI FT3 levels rose, so did the MAFLD prevalence. After adjustment for confounders, logistic regression analyses indicated that the high-level FT3/FT4 and TFQI FT3 still remained risk factors for MAFLD. The relevance of FT3/FT4 and MAFLD was stronger among those whose age ≤ 40 years and had nonvisceral obesity. And the interrelation between TFQI FT3 and MAFLD was stronger in subjects whose age ≤ 40 years. Mediation analyses suggested that TyG index had a noteworthy indirect impact on the relationship between FT3/FT4, TFQI FT3 and MAFLD. Conclusion: Increased FT3/FT4 and TFQI FT3 were significantly related to MAFLD prevalence in populations with normal thyroid function. TyG index partly mediated the relevance between FT3/FT4, TFQI FT3 and MAFLD.

Purpose To investigate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR), DR intensity, and estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and Methods This study comprised 1762 T2DM patients who were admitted between January and December, 2021. Overall, the DR was identified in 430 patients. Based on the eGDR, the participants were divided into four study groups. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the groups. The correlations between eGDR and DR risk, eGDR, and DR severity were analyzed using regression analysis. Furthermore, these relationships were analyzed in different sex groups. Results Patients with T2DM had a 19.75% (348/1762) DR detection rate, whereas those with DR had a 22.41% (78/348) proliferative DR detection rate. The DR group had substantially reduced levels of eGDR compared with the non-DR group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that reduced eGDR was an independent risk factor for DR, after adjusting for confounding variables. eGDR correlated significantly with proliferative DR in women but not in men. Conclusion In Chinese individuals with T2DM, lower eGDR was independently associated with a higher risk of DR.