Plants monitor their surrounding ambient light environment by specialized photoreceptor proteins. Among them, phytochromes monitor red and far-red light. These molecules perceive photons, undergo a conformational change and regulate diverse light signaling pathways resulting in the mediation of key developmental and growth responses throughout the whole life of plants. Post-translational modifications of the photoreceptors and their signaling partners may modify their function. For example, the regulatory role of phosphorylation has been investigated for decades by using different methodological approaches. In the past few years a set of studies revealed that ubiquitin-like short protein molecules, called SUMOs (Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier) are attached reversibly to different members of phytochrome signaling pathways, including phytochrome B, dominant receptor of red light signaling. Furthermore, SUMO attachment modifies the action of the target proteins leading to altered light signaling and photomorphogenesis. This review summarizes recent results regarding SUMOylation of various target proteins, the regulation of their SUMOylation level, and the physiological consequences of SUMO attachment. Potential future research directions are also discussed.
In this paper we wanted to give a comprehensive picture of capital theories from a theoretical point of view, looking at it from several angles. In our empirical study, we analyzed the Hungarian Youth Research 2016 database, which was recruited Hungarian youth aged 15-29. The study was conducted with several variables in mind, mapping the influence they have on the attendance of classical and pop music concerts. We took into account the gender, age, place of residence of the respondents, the highest level of education and looked at the frequency of the concert attendance by counties and regions. Our results show that many variables influence the frequency of attendance at concerts by both genres.
The past, present and future of music pedagogy-Handbook of the presentations of the conference for the 50th anniversary of higher educational music teacher training.
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