Biomass energy sources are the most promising, and most heavily subsidized renewable energy sources. The future of biomass energy in the global energy system depends on on many major factors, among others on the attitude of society to the biomass energy and the renewable energy resources. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the opportunities of utilization of biomass energy sources giving example of a Hungarian study area furthermore to study the public acceptance of renewable energy sources in a certain region. The study aims to explore the general knowledge, innovative attitude, acceptance and willingness of application as well as the estimation of the benefits of the use of RES within the inhabitants. Data collection has carried out by primary (questionnaire survey) and secondary ways in order to gain deep information from the target group (local people). The conclusion we can drawn from the analysis is that society take the biomass energy into consideration and its importance and responsibility is increasing. As far as the consciousness is concerned, the knowledge and the environmental friendly approach of inhabitants are also sufficient.
In recent decades, alongside industrialized agriculture and food-supply systems, an alternative, network-based framework has evolved supporting local development, social innovation and sustainability objectives. Short supply chains are in the focus of the new era. At the same time, from the 1990s a new, bottom-up, spatially bound rural development method, the Liaison Entre Actions pour le Development de l’Economie Rurale (LEADER) approach, has arisen. The purpose of this study is to examine the involvement of LEADER local action groups in the management of alternative food systems in Europe. After a literature-based, detailed theoretical review, a quantitative analysis concerning the content of the official websites of action groups was conducted. A local product promoting quantitative index was created from the qualitative characteristics of the sites. From the collected data, using basic statistical analysis and thematic mapping connections were searched between local action group general characteristics and their short supply chain support activities. The results indicate notable national differences between Western and Eastern European and Mediterranean LEADER groups, supporting previous literature. It may be concluded that local action groups as potential hubs of social innovation, can be crucial actors in local foodscapes, mainly in less developed areas where other non-profit or for-profit organizations are unable to manage supply chains.
LEADER local action groups (LAGs) have become an integral part of the European rural landscape. Our article examines how LEADER groups operate in Hungary by analysing their territorial, symbolic and institutional shape, and the established role of LAGs in Hungary. The results reveal an irregular territorial shape combined with uncertain symbolic form. The institutional constellation is significantly influenced by the size of the member municipalities. Action groups integrating smaller local authorities must involve more NGOs and enterprises to fulfil participatory regulations. Local bureaux are small and their functions are not differentiated according to the state of development. Although Hungarian LAGs, in a European comparison, have many levels of tasks their level of governance is relatively low.
European climate change objectives aim to reduce CO2 emissions, promote the spread of renewable energy sources (RES), and stimulate energy efficiency (EE). The situation of local and regional governance is crucial in the implementation of community objectives. A multi-year research project was implemented in East Hungary by the University of Debrecen and Eszterházy University. It focuses on the relevance of local communities in the formation of adequate responses to the fore-mentioned challenges. A broad range of primary data collections (questionnaires and interviews) were implemented in two rural counties of the country. The first objective was to elicit existing plans concerning RES and EE at the municipality level and to measure the rate of public participation in the elaboration of them. Secondly, the scopes of the implemented projects were examined in the target area. According to the results, local leaders seem to be committed to environmental issues, but communities rarely possess energy/climate-change plans and projects. The main motivators of project implementation are financial. Because of poor financial conditions, only EU co-financed projects are realized. As subsidies come through the national government, political factors are crucial. From a governance point of view, national and county levels are decisive, and local specialties are not taken into consideration.
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