Analyzing and reducing the possible effects of air pollution on human health became important issues for improving the quality of life in urban areas. Particulate matters (PM) are air pollutants with a potential important impact on the health of vulnerable people (e.g., children, elderly) and non-vulnerable people as well. The level of PM air pollution is mainly influenced by the PM concentration and by parameters such as the meteorological conditions and the synergic effects of other air pollutants. Different clime scenarios have been developed to model the PM dispersion generated by the Caprisoara tailing pond, which stores the ashes from the Paroseni thermal power plant, and the effect on city Vulcan from Jiu Valley, in the Meridional Carpathian Mountains. The PM dispersion was simulated using the METI-LIS version 2.03 (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry-Low rise Industrial Source dispersion model)-a software developed under the funding of the Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the Research Center for Chemical Risk Management from Japan. The dominant direction of the winds in the Vulcan area is west, westnorth-west, therefore the contribution of the Caprisoara tailings pond to PM generation in Vulcan is limited to periods when the wind blows from south, south-southwest , with an above average intensity in the conditions of a turbulent atmosphere, which happens during the summer. A cheap solution to minimize the displacement of fine particles is to maintain permanently a layer of wet material on the top of tailing pond.
The current study represents a preliminary investigation made into the influence of cattle grazing in the area of a bauxite quarry (Comarnic-Poieni, Romania) on the cow milk chemistry. Weathering and surface runoff in the bauxite quarry contaminate the local chemistry of the soil, vegetation and water. During cattle transhumance, cyclic feeding patterns occur, with grazing alternating between clean pastures and the area of the quarry. Soil and water samples were collected from the contaminated area of the quarry. Raw milk samples were collected during two stages, corresponding to the periods of grazing on clean pasture and the quarry area, respectively. Based on the obtained data, the relationship between cattle grazing and the composition of milk was interpreted. Preliminary results indicated a direct correlation of increased concentration of Al in the milk, following grazing in the bauxite quarry.
During the last decades, the biodiversity conservation became a constant concern for the specialists in environmental resource management by increasing the awareness of the complexity, fragility and inestimable value of our planet. Nowadays, this issue should be an ethical duty for all the 7.2 billion inhabitants of the planet. The biodiversity conservation should be approached as a multidisciplinary research field, developed in response to the actual world crisis. In this multidisciplinary field the IT has currently a crucial role, since the accountable management of environmental resources is difficult to be conceived without the help of this tool. The paper is part of this multidisciplinary approach, since it discusses the use of an integrated IT project for generating practical measures towards the biodiversity conservation of the Jiu Valley National Park (JVNP).
There are several situations in which it is necessary to clarify the types of coal that enter into the composition of mixtures: technical expertise and/or establishing the nature of some coal wastes, often from old stockpiles, in order to eliminate them. The proposed method is based on the identification and description of those mineralogical-petrographic and physico-chemical properties whose pursuit can lead to a diagnosis in differentiation of coal types. Systematic analysis involves in the first stage the identification of the different types of coal present in the sample by mineralogical analysis. From the sample subjected to mineralogical analysis, granules are extracted from the different types of coal present in the sample and the characteristics defining them are determined: moisture and hygroscopic moisture content, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, agglutination characteristics, etc. Further, the characteristics of the mixtures are determined on another part of the sample and their structure is determined by algebraic methods.
Humanity is a fossil-fueled civilization with a large influence on the environment. The World Health Organization (WHO) has pointed out that air pollution is now the single biggest environmental threat to human health. The air quality in Petroșani, a traditional mining region from the Jiu Valley bituminous coal basin, Romania, is rarely debated; however, it is not often investigated. In this paper, the main air pollution sources of Petroșani are identified and the performed measurements emphasize the air quality in the area of its transit road. The monitoring program set out the objectives, parameters, and points of the monitoring system, as well as the frequency and duration of the program and other monitoring parameters. The equipment used was provided by the National Institute for Research and Development in Mine Safety and Protection to Explosion from Petroșani, within an institutional partnership with the University of Petroșani. The monitoring of the air quality parameters was conducted from March to July 2020, at six points located on the road that crosses the city. It was thus possible to capture a variety of concentrations of the monitored parameters in different weather conditions to determine the air quality in this area. Based on the variation of the measured values in one of the most important historical Romanian bituminous coal mining basins, the preliminary results suggest a worsening of local air quality parameters in relation to the decarbonization process.
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