In this study, the antifungal potential of chemical constituents from Piper pesaresanum and some synthesized derivatives was determined against three phytopathogenic fungi associated with the cocoa crop. The methodology included the phytochemical study on the aerial part of P. pesaresanum, the synthesis of some derivatives and the evaluation of the antifungal activity against the fungi Moniliophthora roreri, Fusarium solani and Phytophthora sp. The chemical study allowed the isolation of three benzoic acid derivatives (1–3), one dihydrochalcone (4) and a mixture of sterols (5–7). Seven derivatives (8–14) were synthesized from the main constituents, of which compounds 9, 10, 12 and 14 are reported for the first time. Benzoic acid derivatives showed strong antifungal activity against M. roreri, of which 11 (3.0 ± 0.8 µM) was the most active compound with an IC50 lower compared with positive control Mancozeb® (4.9 ± 0.4 µM). Dihydrochalcones and acid derivatives were active against F. solani and Phytophthora sp., of which 3 (32.5 ± 3.3 µM) and 4 (26.7 ± 5.3 µM) were the most active compounds, respectively. The preliminary structure–activity relationship allowed us to establish that prenylated chains and the carboxyl group are important in the antifungal activity of benzoic acid derivatives. Likewise, a positive influence of the carbonyl group on the antifungal activity for dihydrochalcones was deduced.
Moniliophthora roreri es un hongo fitopatógeno que afecta los frutos del cultivo de cacao[1], causando pérdidas del 40 al 100% de la cosecha en cultivos susceptibles[2]. En el control de hongos fitopatógenos se utilizan productos químicos poco selectivos[3], que inducen la aparición de cepas resistentes[4], siendo necesario buscar fuentes alternativas de control...
El cacao es uno de los productos agrícolas de mayor proyección socioeconómica en el país. Sin embargo, los rendimientos en su producción han disminuido, debido a diversos factores, destacándose la proliferación de enfermedades asociadas a hongos fitopatógenos.
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