The inhibitory effect of eugenol, a naturally occurring compound mainly present in the essential oil fraction of cloves, was studied on the growth and listeriolysin O (LLO) production by Listeria monocytogenes. Potassium efflux from cells promoted by eugenol was also determined after 24 h incubation in
The present study evaluated the effect of the incorporation of copaiba oil, in direct and in microencapsulated form, into films based on Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott starch. Initially, the characterization of copaiba oil by gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and its antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was performed. The films were produced by the casting technique and characterized in relation to physical, chemical, structural, and antimicrobial activity. Sesquiterpenes, mainly β-caryophyllene, were the predominant compounds in copaiba oil, showing antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus. The films showed forming capacity, however, was observed a decrease in solubility and revealed an increase in hydrophobic characteristics. However, the oil reduced the tensile strength and elongation, while the microcapsules did not influence the mechanical properties in comparison to the control film. From microstructure analysis, changes in the films roughness and surface were observed after the addition of oil both directly and in microencapsulated form. Films incorporated with microparticles were able to inhibit the gram-positive bacteria tested, forming inhibition zones, indicating that the encapsulation of copaiba oil was more efficient for protecting bioactive compounds from the oil, suggesting the possible application of mangarito starch-based films incorporated with copaiba oil as biodegradable packaging.
Psidium myrtoides from the Myrtaceae family is endemic to the Atlantic forest but can also be found in the Brazilian caatinga and savanna (Sobral et al., 2015), where it is popularly known as araçároxo. This fruit is characterized by bright globose berries, with several seeds as well as a fleshy and sweet pulp (Lorenzi, 1998), and it is a traditional ingredient of cakes, jams, and jellies (Franzon et al., 2009). Araçá, along with its sweet flavor, contains several important compounds, mainly phenolic, as observed in studies on Psidium cattleia
The aim of this study was to incorporate the active compounds present in purple araçá (Psidium myrtoides) in pea starch-based films and to verify the influence of different plasticizers (glycerol, sorbitol, and polyethylene glycol 400) on film properties. Films were produced and characterized in relation to visual appearance, active compounds, antimicrobial activity, and mechanical and barrier properties. Pea starch has a high amylose content and a final viscosity of 5371.5 RVU, which contributes to the elaboration of films even without the addition of plasticizers. Purple araçá and pea starch formed films with good water vapor barrier characteristics (0.398 g·mm/m2·h·KPa) and low solubility (33.30%). Among plasticizers, sorbitol promoted a lower permeability to water vapor. The selected formulations, 0%, 20%, and 30% sorbitol, presented a high concentration of phenolic compounds (1194.55, 1115.47, and 1042.10 mg GAE 100 g−1, respectively) and were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, films contained the active compounds of purple araçá and potential to be used as food packaging.
Recebido em 12/8/08; aceito em 26/3/09; publicado na web em 4/8/09 CORN GERM PHYTIC ACID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY EVALUATION. The obtained corn germ phytic acid (CGPA) antioxidant potential was evaluated through the deoxyribose, bathophenanthroline (BPS) and DPPH• assays. In the concentration of 130.5 μM of CGPA the hydroxyl radical maximum sequestering antioxidant activity was 29.3% while standard phytic acid (SPA) presented this maximum activity of 18.2% in the concentration of 33. INTRODUÇÃOO ácido fítico (AF) ou mio-inositol hexafosfato (IP6) está presente em cereais, leguminosas, oleaginosas, pólens e amêndoas, em concentrações variando de 1 a 5% do seu peso.1 Nos cereais, o AF está distribuído em diferentes componentes do grão. A maior concentração do AF no trigo está na aleurona e, no arroz, no pericarpo, enquanto que o milho apresenta elevado teor no germe e ao redor de 6,5%. 2-5O AF apresenta cargas negativas em ampla faixa de pH e possui 12 hidrogênios dissociáveis.6 Estas características proporcionam ao AF uma propriedade quelante com metais polivalentes, especialmente cátions di e trivalentes, formando complexos.7 Devido à propriedade quelante e formação de complexos com alguns minerais importantes, tornando-os bioindisponíveis, muitas investigações foram desenvolvidas considerando-se o AF como um antinutriente.1 Entretanto, a bioindisponibilidade depende de fatores experimentais como proporção metal:fitato 8 e tipo de dieta. 9 Por outro lado, a propriedade quelante do AF é de elevada importância devido a sua ação como um antioxidante e anticancerígeno. 8,10-13 A habilidade do AF formar um quelato com o ferro, que o torna cataliticamente inativo, confere ao AF uma atuação como um antioxidante, pois inibe a oxidação com formação de radicais hidroxil (•OH). 10,[14][15][16] Estudos in vitro indicaram que o AF e seus derivados, o inositol pentafosfato (IP5), inositol tetrafosfato (IP4) e inositol trifosfato (IP3) apresentam capacidade de ligação aos íons metálicos dependendo do número de fosfatos desprotonados da molécula. 17A propriedade antioxidante ou quelante do AF torna-o um composto único e versátil como aditivo de alimentos 18 e rotineiramente empregado em vários países para prevenir a descoloração, melhorar a qualidade nutricional e prolongar a validade dos produtos.19 O AF foi reconhecido em 1997 como GRAS (Generally Recognised as Safe) pela FDA (Food and Drug Administration) e tem sido usado como um aditivo em produtos de panificação. 20 No Codex Alimentarius, o AF foi revisado como antioxidante com INS (System for Food Additives) número 391. 21O potencial antioxidante do AF foi confirmado por vários autores, principalmente em produtos cárneos ou sistemas modelos 10,12,13,19,[22][23][24] com finalidade de preservar o produto. Entretanto, não há descrições na literatura sobre o mecanismo de ação do AF como antioxidante por meio de ensaios específicos.Vários métodos foram desenvolvidos para determinar a capacidade antioxidante. 25,26 Dentre estes métodos destacam-se o sistema de quelar íons Fe +2 us...
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