• PRISM III (Pediatric Risk of Mortality III) and PELOD (Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction) scores are frequently used to assess the performance of intensive care units and also for mortality prediction in the pediatric population. • Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction 2 is the newer version of PELOD and has recently been validated with good discrimination and calibration. What is New: • In our population, both scores had good discrimination. • PELOD-2 needs recalibration to be a better reliable prediction tool.

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Background Until the 1990s, blood screening, typing and diagnostics depended entirely on serological techniques. For over a century, agglutination has been the gold standard for red blood cell (RBC) antigen detection used in all blood services. However, haemagglutination has certain limitations, such as, the difficulty to phenotype recently and multi-transfused patients or direct antiglobulin test (DAT)-positive patients. The haemagglutination test provides only indirect indications of risk or severity of haemolytic disease of the new born. In part, to overcome these limitations, nucleic acid-based technologies have been used in immunohematology reference laboratories.Methods There are many molecular methods available for red cell genotyping: PCR, PCR-RFLP, PCR-SSP or PCR-ASP, real time PCR, DNA sequencing and pirosequencing and methods with microarrays-based systems.Other molecular techniques that are under development and may be available for red cell genotyping in the next decade include fluidic or open microarrays; matrixassisted laser desorption ⁄ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS); and mini-sequencing.Conclusions Although serology may be superior for some blood group typing, genotyping assays offer a good alternative for problems encountered by serology. In many laboratories, blood group genotyping is already used at a low-throughput level for diagnostics in cases of problematic serology. Especially in case of weak expression of antigens, the presence of rare antigens or auto-antibodies or after multiple transfusions, genotyping is superior. The non-invasive determination of the foetal RHD analysis in maternal plasma by real-time PCR is well established and already offered as a clinical service in a number of countries.The recent availability of automated, high throughput, DNA-array platforms, allows to introduce into the hospital and donor centres this DNA-based typing methodology. The evolution of molecular methods combined with automation and high-quality standards will make large-scale screening a cost-effective reality.

The paper analyses transnational flows of Pentecostalism between Australia and Brazil. It analyses the establishment of CNA, a Brazilian church that caters for the increasing number of Brazilian students in Sydney. It also investigates the ways in which Hillsong, an Australian Pentecostal megachurch, has influenced CNA and has been alluring young Pentecostal Brazilians to Australia. Scholars have paid little attention to how religious institutions in the host country may influence rituals and facilitate the establishment of the new church. I argue that churches created by migrants are not established in a deterritorialized diasporic vacuum. Reterritorialization engenders hybridity. Following an admiration for Australian churches due to Australia being part of the English-speaking developed world, CNA is a hybrid of a conservative Brazilian Baptist church and the very informal Hillsong church. I contend that it is precisely this hybridity that makes young Brazilians adhere to it since the church works as an effective bridge between Brazilian and Australian cultures. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates the polycentric nature of Pentecostalism, as Australia is becoming a centre for the dissemination of Hillsong-style Pentecostalism in Brazil.

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Brazil has traditionally been a country that received inflows of migrants. However, in the last two decades of the twentieth century the flow has been reversed. Since the early 1980s, many Brazilians have emigrated, due to a socio-economic crisis that has resulted in massive social inequalities and rampant crime and violence. According to the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, four million people have left the country. The largest communities are in the US, Paraguay and Japan.