The dissemination of the practice of collaborative authorship (co-authorship) in Brazil and in the international scientific community has been accompanied by an increasing occurrence of frauds, manipulations and other deviations in the assignment of responsibility for a scientific paper. This article discusses the criteria for authorship attribution, the reasons for the growing indices of co-authorship and the challenges to determine authorship in electronic journals. Through literature review and case study (bibliographic search in the scientific database), it has been shown ways to avoid that "misbehaviour" deviance regarding the authorship attribution affect the credibility of science.Descriptors: Authorship. Periodicals. Scientific communication. Scientific production. ResumoA disseminação da prática de coautoria no Brasil e na comunidade internacional tem sido acompanhada pelo aumento no registro de fraudes, manipulações e outros desvios ao definir a responsabilidade por um trabalho científico. Este artigo discorre sobre os critérios utilizados para atribuição da autoria, as razões para o crescimento dos índices de coautoria e os desafios para estabelecer a autoria em periódicos eletrônicos. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica e estudo de caso (a partir de levantamento de base de dados), aponta caminhos para evitar que "desvios de comportamento" quanto à atribuição de autoria abalem a credibilidade da ciência.Descritores: Autoria. Publicações periódicas. Comunicação científica. Produção científica.
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