Dependencia al ejercicio físico e indicadores del estado de ánimo en deportistas universitarios Exercise dependence and mood states indicators in university athletes Dependência ao exercício físico e indicadores do estado de ânimo em universitários esportistas

Context Evidence suggests that plasma glucose levels may influence cognitive performance, but this has not been systematically reviewed and quantified. Objective The aim of this review was to investigate the potential effects of glucose and sucrose, compared with placebo, on cognition in healthy humans. Data Sources The electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to December 2019. Reference lists of selected articles were checked manually. Study Selection Randomized controlled trials or crossover trials that compared glucose or sucrose with placebo for effects on cognition were eligible. Data Extraction Potentially eligible articles were selected independently by 2 authors. Risk of bias was assessed through the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were obtained from random-effects meta-analyses for a subsample of studies that reported the same outcomes. Results Thirty-seven trials were identified, of which 35 investigated the effect of glucose consumption compared with placebo on cognition. Two studies found no effect of glucose on cognition, while the others found mixed results. Only 3 of the 37 studies investigated the effects of sucrose intake, reporting mixed results. Meta-analyses revealed a significantly positive effect of glucose compared with control, but only when a verbal performance test (immediate word recall) was used in parallel-design studies (SMD = 0.61; 95%CI, 0.20–1.02; I2 = 0%). Twenty-four studies were classified as having high risk of bias for the selection procedure. Conclusions A limited body of evidence shows a beneficial effect of glucose in individuals performing immediate verbal tasks. High-quality trials with standardized cognitive measurements are needed to better establish the effect of glucose or sucrose on cognition. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42019122939.

RESUMENEl objeto de este estudio de caso fue evaluar las habilidades psicológicas de jugadoras de hockey hierba, y, por otro lado, la eficacia de la participación en un programa de entrenamiento psicológico en las características psicológicas relacionadas con el rendimiento deportivo. Participaron 10 jugadoras de hockey de 16 a 26 años de la selección de hockey hierba femenino de categoría senior. La intervención psicológica se realizó en Montevideo-Uruguay, durante 16 sesiones a través de trabajo individualizado (voluntario) y trabajo grupal (obligatorio) con un enfoque cognitivoconductual. La intervención estuvo formada por técnicas y estrategias como la reestructuración cognitiva; la autocaracterización; la técnica de la Rejilla de concentración y Stroop; habilidades de comunicación y de autoconocimiento; auto-registros conductuales; observaciones-confrontaciones e interpretaciones; y técnicas de relajación y visualización. Se administró el Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo en jugadores de fútbol (CPRD-f, Olmedilla, García y Martínez, 2007) antes y después de la intervención de 4meses de duración. Los resultados indican que las habilidades psicológicas en estas deportistas son caracterizadas por niveles altos de autoconfianza; impermeabilidad a la evaluación del rendimiento; manejo de la ansiedad competitiva y de la atención-concentración. Aparecen diferencias significativas tras la intervención que favorecen la calma ante las diferentes situaciones relacionadas con la competición, con un aumento del manejo de la ansiedad competitiva. Se plantea la necesidad de transferir esta información a psicólogos del deporte que intervengan a jugadoras de hockey, facilitando la selección y ajuste de estrategias psicológicas específicas en los planes de entrenamiento con el objetivo de mantener y fortalecer sus habilidades psicológicas llegando a conseguir que se manifiesten al máximo nivel.Palabras clave: entrenamiento psicológico, hockey femenino, CPRD-f, rendimiento deportivo. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the psychological skills of grass hockey players, and, on the other hand, the effectiveness of participation in a psychological training program on psychological characteristics related to athletic performance. Ten hockey players from 16 to 26 years old participated in the senior women's field hockey team. The psychological intervention was Cita: Tutte, V.; Reche, C.; Álvarez, V. (2020). Evaluación e intervención psicológica en jugadoras de hockey sobre hierba femenino. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte,20(1), 62-74 . Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte,20(1), XXX-XXX Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 20, 1 (enero) Entrenamiento psicológico en hockey hierba femenino 63 carried out during 16 sessions through individualized work (voluntary) and group. The intervention consisted of techniques and strategies such as cognitive restructuring; self-characterization; the technique of the concentration grid and Stroop; communication and self-kn...

Timely intervention and recovery is beneficial to patients with chronic disabling occupational musculoskeletal disorders (CDOMD). Therefore a Surgical Option Process (SOP) was developed for use in a functional restoration program (FRP) to allow CDOMD patients who were undecided about elective orthopedic surgery to participate in interdisciplinary rehabilitation, rather than suspending treatment, until the surgical option could be resolved. A consecutive cohort of 295 CDOMD patients with an unresolved surgical option was admitted to a FRP, and determined their surgical preference at FRP midpoint. The majority of patients declined surgery (DS, N=164) and were invited to complete the FRP. The remainder elected to pursue surgery and either underwent surgery (US, N=43) or had their surgical request denied (RSD, N=38). In the post-FRP year, only 0.8% of patients reversed their original decision and underwent surgery. Patients whose surgical preferences were accommodated (i.e., the DS/US groups) demonstrated significant psychosocial improvement and excellent socioeconomic outcomes; which were similar to those of FRP patients without a surgical option. RSD patients had poorer outcomes than the other groups, but still outperformed FRP dropouts. This suggests that the addition of a formal SOP to an interdisciplinary FRP facilitated the surgical decision-making process and helped prevent delayed recovery.

Resilience and exercise dependence are constructs studied in the athlete at different sport levels. The aim of this study is to know risk exercise dependence and resilience prevalence in athletes; analyze the differences according to sex and sport level (amateur / elite). Also, analyze relationship. 387 athletes of different modalities were evaluated, 281 males and 106 females (age: M = 20.10, SD = 4.2). Spanish version of the Dependency Scale of the Revised Exercise (EDS-R; & González, 2011) and the Resilience Scale (Ruiz, De la Vega, Poveda, Rosado, & Serpa, 2012, adaptation of Wagnild & Young, 1993) adapted to Spanish were administered. The results showed that 8.3% had exercise dependence risk, and 24.8% high resilience. Taking into account sex and sporting level, no differences are observed in the applied scales, although in some of its dimensions. Women and the elite have more personal competence (self-confidence, independence, decision, invincibility, power, ingenuity and perseverance); and men and amateurs a reduction of other activities unrelated to physical exercise and a practice for longer than is generally planned. A reduced significant association between the risk exercise dependence and resilience in athletes appears (r = .14). It is suggested that intervention programs to improve the resilient profile of athletes should be evaluated, and if necessary prevent exercise dependence associated, with characteristics sensitive to adjacent psychological problems.

In recent years, there has been increased interest in the psychological training of fencers. Its aim is to detect and evaluate needs as well as to plan and develop the training of relevant psychological skills in this context. The aim of this study was to carry out a psychological characterisation of fencers through an analysis of 20 elite Spanish athletes from the modality of épée (12 women and 8 men; age: M= 21.70, SD= 5.70). The evaluation system used was the Prueba para Evaluar Rasgos Psicológicos en Deportistas Versión Revisada (PAR P1-R). The results showed a higher level of control in competitive challenge (M= 8.60, SD= 2.01) and emotional sensitivity (M= 3.80, SD= 1.85), and a need for improvement in imagination, motivation, concentration, positive attitude and self-confidence. Differences were not found by gender or weekly training sessions. However, junior fencers showed higher scores in motivational skills than senior fencers (p= 0.01). Additionally, as the number of years of athletic experience increases, there is an increase in the motivational deficit (p= 0.03) and concentration deficit (p=0.02). This study offers important information for the training systems of fencers with goal of providing them appropriate psychological skills which allow them to face the growing sport demands when their involvement in the sport grows.

Los estudios sobre resiliencia y optimismo en el ámbito deportivo son escasos. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la prevalencia de la resiliencia y el optimismo en gimnasia rítmica; y analizar diferencias en función de su categoría de edad, años de práctica deportiva y experiencia en competición. Fueron evaluadas 29 gimnastas de rítmica (edad de 13 a 20; M = 15.3; DT = 1.83). Se utilizó la Escala de Resiliencia adaptada al español, y la Escala de Orientación hacia la Vida Revisada (LOT-R) para optimismo. Los resultados apuntan a que un 24.8% de las participantes presenta elevada resiliencia. En cuanto a optimismo, el 20.7% muestra niveles elevados frente al 62.1% que presenta niveles bajos. No hay diferencias en resiliencia y optimismo según las variables analizadas. Se sugiere atender los niveles de optimismo en los atletas para mejora de su bienestar y de su rendimiento deportivo. Abstract. Studies on resilience and optimism in the sports field are scarce. The objective of this work is to know the prevalence of both constructs in rhythmic gymnastics; and analysis of differences depending on their age category, years of sports practice and experience in competition. 29 gymnasts were evaluated (age from 13 to 20; M = 15.3; DT = 1.83). The Resilience Scale adapted to Spanish was used, and the Revised Life Orientation Scale (LOT-R) to optimism. The results indicate that 24.8% of the participants present high resilience. As for optimism, 20.7% show high levels compared to 62.1% who show low levels. There are no differences in resilience and optimism according to the variables analyzed (category, years of sports practice and experience in competition). It is suggested to address the levels of optimism in athletes to improve their well-being and sports performance.

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