The World Health Organization has not only signaled the health risks of COVID-19, but also labeled the situation as infodemic, due to the amount of information, true and false, circulating around this topic. Research shows that, in social media, falsehood is shared far more than evidence-based information. However, there is less research analyzing the circulation of false and evidence-based information during health emergencies. Thus, the present study aims at shedding new light on the type of tweets that circulated on Twitter around the COVID-19 outbreak for two days, in order to analyze how false and true information was shared. To that end, 1000 tweets have been analyzed. Results show that false information is tweeted more but retweeted less than science-based evidence or fact-checking tweets, while science-based evidence and factchecking tweets capture more engagement than mere facts. These findings bring relevant insights to inform public health policies.

One of the challenges today is to face fake news (false information) in health due to its potential impact on people's lives. This article contributes to a new application of social impact in social media (SISM) methodology. This study focuses on the social impact of the research to identify what type of health information is false and what type of information is evidence of the social impact shared in social media. The analysis of social media includes Reddit, Facebook, and Twitter. This analysis contributes to identifying how interactions in these forms of social media depend on the type of information shared. The results indicate that messages focused on fake health information are mostly aggressive, those based on evidence of social impact are respectful and transformative, and finally, deliberation contexts promoted in social media overcome false information about health. These results contribute to advancing knowledge in overcoming fake health-related news shared in social media.

The social impact of research has usually been analysed through the scientific outcomes produced under the auspices of the research. The growth of scholarly content in social media and the use of altmetrics by researchers to track their work facilitate the advancement in evaluating the impact of research. However, there is a gap in the identification of evidence of the social impact in terms of what citizens are sharing on their social media platforms. This article applies a social impact in social media methodology (SISM) to identify quantitative and qualitative evidence of the potential or real social impact of research shared on social media, specifically on Twitter and Facebook. We define the social impact coverage ratio (SICOR) to identify the percentage of tweets and Facebook posts providing information about potential or actual social impact in relation to the total amount of social media data found related to specific research projects. We selected 10 projects in different fields of knowledge to calculate the SICOR, and the results indicate that 0.43% of the tweets and Facebook posts collected provide linkages with information about social impact. However, our analysis indicates that some projects have a high percentage (4.98%) and others have no evidence of social impact shared in social media. Examples of quantitative and qualitative evidence of social impact are provided to illustrate these results. A general finding is that novel evidences of social impact of research can be found in social media, becoming relevant platforms for scientists to spread quantitative and qualitative evidence of social impact in social media to capture the interest of citizens. Thus, social media users are showed to be intermediaries making visible and assessing evidence of social impact.

Since the Coronavirus health emergency was declared, many are the fake news that have circulated around this topic, including rumours, conspiracy theories and myths. According to the World Economic Forum, fake news is one of the threats in today's societies, since this type of information circulates fast and is often inaccurate and misleading. Moreover, fake-news are far more shared than evidence-based news among social media users and thus, this can potentially lead to decisions that do not consider the individual’s best interest. Drawing from this evidence, the present study aims at comparing the type of Tweets and Sina Weibo posts regarding COVID-19 that contain either false or scientific veracious information. To that end 1923 messages from each social media were retrieved, classified and compared. Results show that there is more false news published and shared on Twitter than in Sina Weibo, at the same time science-based evidence is more shared on Twitter than in Weibo but less than false news. This stresses the need to find effective practices to limit the circulation of false information.

Resumen: En este artículo se reflexiona sobre los actos comunicativos dialógicos en el proceso de interpretación interactiva del texto y sus implicaciones en la transformación social. Contradiciendo los análisis estructuralistas como el de Bourdieu, en el que la interpretación de los textos está ligada al habitus de la persona lectora, autores como Bakhtin defienden una interpretación dialógica de los textos. una de las actuaciones de éxito analizadas en el proyecto de investigación INCLuD-ED es la experiencia de las tertulias literarias dialógicas, protagonizada tanto por personas adultas o por niñas y niños de familias de bajos ingresos que comparten la lectura de clásicos de la literatura universal. Las personas demuestran a través de sus actos comunicativos dialógicos que no existe una única interpretación experta, superando las interacciones de poder de entornos académicos tradicionales.Palabras Clave: Actos comunicativos dialógicos, habitus, interacciones dialógicas.

This study analyzed whether it was possible to successfully transfer an experience of dialogic literary gatherings (DLGs) developed in a prison in the Basque Country (Spain), which was found to enhance the participants' readiness to return to their communities. A case study was conducted in a different prison in Catalonia that comprised interviews and focus groups with a group of female prisoners and volunteers involved in the DLG. The communicative analysis conducted showed that the replication of the DLG allowed the participants to discuss and reflect on their biographies and their expected pathways upon release, thus opening possibilities for personal and social change. The results show that participants perceived the DLG as a helpful resource for social reintegration and suggest that DLGs can be transferred to different correctional institutions.

The aim of this paper is to reflect critically, using the latest data taken from reports, research, publications and other sources, on how to empower children in their daily Internet browsing given current online risks. These risks faced by children are a real concern for teachers, families and researchers and this article will focus on analyzing those online risks which produce the most emotional distress for children, namely grooming and cyberbullying. The use of the Internet, and the ease with which information or situations can be seen on it, has broken the social taboos associated with the risks that children are exposed to. Data such as 44% of children in Spain having felt sexually harassed on the Internet at any time in 2002, or 20% of U.S. children suffering cyberbullying according to a survey of 4,400 students in 2010, indicates the severity of the problem. Therefore, as stated in UNESCO’s MIL Curriculum for Teachers (Media and Information Literacy), it is necessary to work on the responsible use of the Internet by children and to empower them to reduce the possibility of them becoming future victims or bullies. At the end of the article we will develop a list of recommendations to be considered in the design of educational activities focused on the critical training of the minor’s use of the Internet. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar críticamente, a partir de una selección de últimos informes, investigaciones, publicaciones y otras fuentes, sobre las orientaciones de cómo «empoderar» a los y las menores frente a los riesgos on-line actuales. Entre los diferentes riesgos quisiéramos destacar los que más violencia emocional producen; las situaciones de «grooming» o ciberacoso, cada vez más visibles y urgentes de prevenir conjuntamente. El uso de Internet y la facilidad de visibilizar cualquier información o situación ha permitido romper el tabú social respecto a estos riesgos. Datos como el que el 44% de menores en España se había sentido acosado sexualmente en Internet en alguna ocasión en el 2002, o el que el 20% de niños en Estados Unidos sufría ciberacoso, según una encuesta realizada a 4.400 estudiantes en el 2010, nos indican la gravedad de la problemática. Por ello, tal y como se recoge en el Currículum MIL de la UNESCO para profesores (Media and Information Literacy), es necesario trabajar el uso responsable de Internet por parte de los y las menores, para empoderarlos evitando que puedan convertirse en futuras víctimas o acosadores. A partir de los riesgos reales que pueden padecer, así como las respuestas científicas y sociales que se han dado al respecto, elaboraremos una serie de recomendaciones a tener en cuenta en el diseño de actividades educativas enfocadas a la capacitación crítica de los y las menores en cuanto su uso de Internet.

Recent debates on the meaning and use of science are focused on addressing citizens’ needs or concerns of society in different fields. Researchers have developed different methodologies for capturing the relevance of topics to be addressed by research in order to map them. This article proposes a new methodology for identifying the relevance of research goals through collecting citizen’s voices on Twitter and Facebook combing two approaches: top down, starting with already defined research goals priorities, and bottom up, departing from the social media. The article presents the results of the application of this methodology through the research goals of Sustainable Development Goals to identify their relevance and if there are some topics not covered by them. Thus, researchers could integrate this methodology in their daily work and be more in line with the needs expressed by citizens in social media.