The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT and AUDIT-C) in order to detect problems related to the consumption of alcohol in the university population. The sample consisted of 1309 students.A Weekly Alcohol Consumption Diary was used as a gold standard;Cronbach's Alpha, the Kappa index, Spearman's correlation coefficient and exploratory factor analysis were applied for diagnostic reliability and validity, with ROC curves used to establish the different cut-off points. Binge Drinking (BD) episodes were found in 3.9% of men and 4.0% of women with otherwise low-risk drinking patterns. AUDIT identified 20.1% as high-risk drinkers and 6.4% as drinkers with physical-psychological problems and probable alcohol dependence.Cronbach's alpha of 0.75 demonstrates good internal consistency. The best cut-off points for high-risk drinking students were 8 for males and 6 for females. As for problem drinkers and probable ADS, 13 was the best cut-off point for both sexes. In relation to AUDIT-C, 5 and 4 were the best cut-off points for males and females with high-risk patterns, respectively. The criterion validity of AUDIT and AUDIT-C to detect binge drinking episodes was found to have a moderate K value. The results obtained show that AUDIT has good psychometric properties to detect early alcohol abuse disorders in university students; however, it is recommended that the cut-off point be reduced to 8 in men. AUDIT-C improves its predictive value by raising the cut-off point by one unit.Items 2 and 3 should be reviewed to increase its predictive value for BD.Keywords: Alcohol-Related Disorders/diagnosis*, Psychometrics/ methods*, University students, AUDIT, AUDIT-C. AbstractRecibido : Diciembre 2014; Aceptado: Julio 2015

The findings support the validity and reliability of the Position on Nursing Diagnosis-Spanish Version for its use among Spanish registered nurses as a measurement of their attitude towards the nursing diagnosis concept.

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Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject? People with mental health difficulties have poorer physical health than the general population. The stigmatizing attitude of health professionals impacts the quality of care for these people. There is a broad background on the effectiveness of activities based on theoretical training, clinical practices or social contact to improve nursing students’ attitudes towards people with mental health difficulties. There is an important need to assess whether the benefits identified in the short term are maintained in the longer term. What does the paper add to existing knowledge? The positive evolution of attitudes towards mental illness does not last over time. Some students’ attitude towards people with a mental health difficulty worsened in the final stage of their training after completing clinical practices. What are the implications for practice? It is necessary for tutors incorporate an understanding of stigma throughout the degree training and to discuss with the students the emotional aspects experienced during the performance of clinical practices. The design of any anti‐stigma intervention must include the factor of “time”. AbstractIntroductionThe stigma of health professionals is a contributing factor to morbi‐mortality among people with mental health difficulties. There is a lack of research on long‐term outcomes in nursing students.ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with the evolution of stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness in a cohort of students trained in mental health.MethodA prospective observational study of the impact of training in mental health care. Age, gender, stigma, level of previous familiarity with mental illness, self‐education by Internet, academic performance and the place where practicums are conducted were evaluated on three occasions over 15 months.ResultsAcademic performance, online consultation and the size or origin of the theoretical group were indicators of better attitudes. The positive evolution of attitudes does not last over time.DiscussionInstability over time could be explained by students’ experience in the practicum, although the time itself has been identified as a determining factor.Practical implicationsFurther studies should be promoted in academia to assess the content of mental health training and its influence on the evolution of the stigmatizing attitude. It is also necessary to address stigma in small groups, where students with better academic results lead anti‐stigma activities.

590RESUMO O Posi on on Nursing Diagnosis (PND) é uma escala que utiliza a técnica do diferencial semân co para medir a tudes em relação ao conceito diagnós co de enfermagem. O obje vo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma forma abreviada da versão em espanhol desta escala e avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas e efi ciência. Foi u lizada uma dupla abordagem teórico-empírica para obter uma forma curta do PND, o PND-7-SV, que era equivalente à original. Usando um desenho transversal através de pesquisa, foi avaliada a confi abilidade (consistência interna e confi abilidade teste-reteste), validade de constructo (análise fatorial exploratória, técnica de grupos conhecidos e validade discriminante) e de critério (validade concorrente), sensibilidade à mudança e efi ciência da PND-7-SV em uma amostra de 476 estudantes de enfermagem espanholas. Os resultados endossaram a u lidade do PND-7-SV para medir a tudes em relação ao diagnós co de enfermagem de maneira equivalente à forma completa da escala e em um curto tempo. DESCRITORES Diagnós co de enfermagem Estudantes de enfermagem Escalas Diferencial semân co Psicometria ABSTRACTThe Posi ons on Nursing Diagnosis (PND) is a scale that uses the seman c diff eren al technique to measure nurses' attitudes towards the nursing diagnosis concept. The aim of this study was to develop a shortened form of the Spanish version of this scale and evaluate its psychometric proper es and effi ciency. A double theorecal-empirical approach was used to obtain a short form of the PND, the PND-7-SV, which would be equivalent to the original. Using a cross-sec onal survey design, the reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability), construct (exploratory factor analysis, known-groups technique and discriminant validity) and criterion-related validity (concurrent validity), sensi vity to change and effi ciency of the PND-7-SV were assessed in a sample of 476 Spanish nursing students. The results endorsed the u lity of the PND-7-SV to measure a tudes toward nursing diagnosis in an equivalent manner to the complete form of the scale and in a shorter me. DESCRIPTORS Nursing diagnosis Students, nursing Scales Seman c diff eren al Psychometrics RESUMENEl Posi on on Nursing Diagnosis (PND) es una escala que u liza la técnica del diferencial semán co para medir las ac tudes hacia el concepto diagnós co enfermero. El estudio obje vó desarrollar una forma abreviada de la versión española de esta escala, evaluar sus propiedades psicométri-cas y efi ciencia. Se u lizó un doble enfoque empírico-teórico para obtener una forma reducida del PND, el PND-7-SV, que fuera equivalente a la original. Mediante un diseño transversal a través de encuesta, se evaluó la fi abilidad (consistencia interna y fi abilidad test-retest), validez de constructo (análisis factorial exploratorio, técnica de grupos conocidos y validez discriminante) y de criterio (validez concurrente), sensibilidad al cambio y efi ciencia del PND-7-SV en una muestra de 476 estudiantes de enfermería españoles. Los resultados avalaron ...