The COVID-19 outbreak could be considered as an uncontrollable stressful life event. Lockdown measures have provoked a disruption of daily life with a great impact over older adults’ health and well-being. Nevertheless, eudaimonic well‐being plays a protective role in confronting adverse circumstances, such as the COVID-19 situation. This study aims to assess the association between age and psychological well-being (personal growth and purpose in life). Young–old (60–70 years) and old–old (71–80 years) community-dwelling Spaniards (N = 878) completed a survey and reported on their sociodemographic characteristics and their levels of health, COVID-19 stress-related, appraisal, and personal resources. Old–old did not evidence poorer psychological well-being than young–old. Age has only a negative impact on personal growth. The results also suggest that the nature of the COVID-19 impact (except for the loss of a loved one) may not be as relevant for the older adults’ well-being as their appraisals and personal resources for managing COVID-related problems. In addition, these results suggest that some sociodemographic and health-related variables have an impact on older adults’ well-being. Thus, perceived-health, family functioning, resilience, gratitude, and acceptance had significant associations with both personal growth and purpose in life. Efforts to address older adults’ psychological well-being focusing on older adults’ personal resources should be considered.

This is the first study that explored the psychometric properties and validated the well-fitting three factor structure for the CASP-12 in a large population sample of older people from Spain. The results support a multidimensional model for the CASP-12 composed by three factors. It has potential to be used as a multidimensional tool to assess QoL in older people.

Older people may experience psychological growth following a life major event. The objective of this study is to analyze the degree of posttraumatic growth (PTG) developed by widowed and non-widowed older adults (n = 103) as well as the impact of possible predicting variables such as sociodemographic characteristics, experienced or witnessed life major events, religiosity and sense of coherence. The findings suggest that, in spite of widowhood, elder people develop PTG in the same way that non-widowed elder people. Therefore, the support of a religious community, age, life major events experienced and the subjective meaning given to them correlated with PTG.

A grounded theory qualitative study was developed to explore how grandparents perceive their role as socializing agents. Forty‐two grandparents with grandchildren aged from 6 to 12 years old participated in this study. Data were collected through focus groups, which were conducted until reaching data saturation and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Four general conclusions emerged from the study: (i) grandparents recognized the importance of getting involved in the socialization of grandchildren as supporters of parents' socializing role, and the need to adapt to social changes; (ii) they emphasized traditional value that were perceived in decline, and combination of warmth and involvement were considered the best way to help grandchildren internalize values; (iii) interaction with grandchildren helped grandparents to feel active and useful, increased their life purpose and gave them a second chance to enjoy what they could not with their own children; and (iv) grandparents also accused burden and role ambiguity. These results show the importance of developing family policies that recognize grandparents' socializing role. Also, interventions that promote strategies that enable grandparents to perform their role more successfully and to cope with possible family conflicts should be developed.

Background There is extensive concern about older people’s care in institutions, especially recently in the past years. One of the reasons is linked to the cases of elder abuse, not only shown by academic and scientific sources, but also by social and mass media and their impact on public perception of the institutional setting. What is more, current COVID-19 pandemic consequences on older people have provoked alarm and worry especially about what is happening in institutions. Methods The sample for this study consists of 286 staff working in nursing homes in Spain. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Professional Good Care Scale in Nursing Homes (GCS-NH). Results Results of parallel analyses and exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) showed a four-factor model for the 32-item scale: humanization (9 items), non-infantilization (10 items), respect (7 items) and empowerment (6 items). Then, psychometric properties were tested analysing internal consistency (reliability) and convergent, divergent and criterion validity. High internal consistency (reliability) and different validity evidence were obtained for the total scores of the GCS-NH and its subscales. GCS-NH scores were also capable of detecting risk of probable institutional elder abuse. Conclusions Results show that this scale is an appropriate, valid, and reliable multidimensional instrument to evaluate good care in older institutionalized people by staff. Good care is an outcome of a complex construct in which a wide range of factors converge (staff, older people, and environmental characteristics). The GCS-NH has potential to be used as a multidimensional tool to assess good care.

Despite efforts to promote good care, many institutionalized older adults (IOA) experience elevated neglectful conditions and reduced person-centered care approaches. Based on the job demand–control model, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between nursing home professionals’ personal and organizational factors and good care provided to institutionalized older people. Data was collected through a self-administered survey completed by 208 nursing home staff members. Three dimensions of personal factors (i.e., personal accomplishment, depersonalization, and negative old age stereotypes) were significant predictors of good care. Depersonalization and negative old age stereotypes were negatively associated with IOA, and both good care and personal accomplishment were positively associated with good care in nursing homes. Only one work-related factor (i.e., management support) was positively associated with good care. Personal factors may play a significant role in good care. Management support offers a promising mechanism to promote good care among nursing home professionals. The findings support the need to change the focus on entirely completing care tasks to providing good care of residents in nursing homes that promotes management support, personal accomplishment, personalization and positive old age consideration, attitudes, and behaviors. Policies and interventions should be developed to address in a more humanized way.

Recibido: 11 de febrero de 2016 -Aceptado: 7 de abril de 2016 ESTUDIOS / ARTICLES Resumen: En la sociedad actual están sucediendo una serie de cambios en la estructura y en los roles desempeñados por los distintos miembros familiares. Como resultado, los abuelos están desempeñando un papel cada vez más relevante, especialmente en la vida de los nietos. Cuando los nietos tienen una discapacidad, se ha observado que los abuelos juegan una serie de roles significativos en la familia como puede ser el apoyo emocional, práctico o económico. Sin embargo, es poca la literatura que analiza la relación entre abuelos y nietos con discapacidad. En el presente artículo se describe un estudio cualitativo exploratorio realizado en la Comunidad de Madrid, en el que participaron abuelos de nietos con discapacidad con el objetivo de identificar las singularidades de estos roles. Los resultados encontrados muestran dificultades en el manejo de los sentimientos negativos que surgen al inicio del conocimiento de la discapacidad del nieto (enfado, miedo, dudas). Sin embargo, estos sentimientos negativos se ven disminuidos con el tiempo dando paso a experiencias positivas como el incremento en la capacidad de tolerancia y paciencia, y replanteamiento de los valores y prioridades. Las funciones Abstract: In today's society, families´ structure and roles are changing. As a result, the role played by grand-

Resumen: El modelo de Optimización Selectiva con Compensación estudia el desarrollo del individuo a lo largo de todo el ciclo vital, en la línea del concepto de envejecimiento con éxito. El bienestar psicológico y la calidad de vida asociada a la salud han sido considerados como indicadores del envejecimiento con éxito. Asimismo, el desarrollo de conductas orientadas a valores personales ha mostrado una relación positiva con bienestar y calidad de vida. Mediante la participación en actividades generativas muchas personas mayores no sólo serían un importante recurso social para las familias actuales y comunidades, sino que se puede ayudar a enriquecer su sentido vital e incrementar los niveles de salud percibida. Se propone el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones que profundicen en los factores protectores y de riesgo del bienestar y salud percibida de las personas mayores, así como programas de intervención centrados en valores.