BackgroundInterleukin-1 (IL-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and so it might be useful to detect high-risk cases of peri-implantitis. It has been reported that IL-1 polymorphisms and smoking habit have a synergic effect, increasing the incidence of peri-implantitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between IL-1 gene polymorphisms and peri-implantitis in smoking patients.Material and MethodsA case-control study was performed in 27 patients with peri-implantitis and 27 patients with healthy implants. All patients included were smokers. IL-1A-C889T, IL-1B+C3953T and IL-1RN+T2018C were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification in order to establish a relation between these variables and the presence of peri-implantitis. A bivariate analysis was performed and odds-ratio (OR) were calculated.ResultsThe incidence of peri-implantitis was significantly higher in patients with previous history of periodontitis (p=0.024; OR=10.9). Both groups were similar regarding IL-1A-C889T, IL-1B+C3953T and IL-1RN+T2018C genotypes. No increased risk in heavy smokers with IL-1 polymorphism was found.ConclusionsIL-1 genotypes do not seem to be good predictors of peri-implantitis in the great majority of smoking patients. Furthermore, no synergic effect was found between IL-1 genotypes and heavy smokers. Patients with a previous history of periodontitis were more prone to peri-implantitis. Key words:Peri-implantitis, interleukin-1 genotype positive, case-control study, smoking.
BackgroundDentin hypersensitivity (DH) in one of the most common causes of patient discomfort in the general population and its prevalence is higher in patients who have received basic or surgical periodontal treatment. Efficiency of the diode laser with different wavelengths has been studied by several authors, showing an improvement rate of the DH between 60-98%. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment on the reduction of DH after non surgical periodontal treatment.Material and MethodsA randomized split mouth clinical trial was performed involving 30 patients (120 teeth) diagnosed with DH after scaling and root planning. Two teeth of the experimental side were treated with the laser and 2 teeth of the control side were treated without activating the laser. The laser treatment parameters for each tooth were 660nm, 200mW, CW, illuminated area 1.15cm2, 173mW/cm2, 60 seconds, 12 J, 10.4J/cm2. Age, gender, smoking, plaque index, gingival recession, probing and VAS (for tactile and thermal stimulation) were registered before the laser treatment, immediate post treatment (after 2 minutes), 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months after treatment.ResultsThere was significant difference (p<0.01) in discomfort to thermal and mechanical stimulation between the control and diode laser treatment sites at all evaluation periods. The level of discomfort decreased immediately following diode laser therapy, and continued to demonstrate a decrease for the duration of the study. All teeth remained vital after laser treatment, without adverse reactions or complications.ConclusionsThe PBM can be used to reduce DH without detrimental pulpal effects. Key words:Dental hypersensitivity, laser, diode laser, photobiomodulation.
Introduction: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is an uncommon but distinctive, precursor lesion of squamous cell carcinoma. Characteristic histological features are lacking and the diagnosis is based on the combination of clinical and histological findings showing progression of the lesion. The aetiology is unknown but the rates of malignancy and recurrence are high. It is a leukoplakic plaque located in a single site, which becomes multifocal, exophytic, verrucous and with erythematous areas over the clinical course of the lesion. The most commonly affected areas are the mucosas of the alveolar ridge and palate. Cases with locations in the tongue, lips and floor of the mouth have also been reported. Case report: We here describe the clinical case of a 77-year-old woman who presented with a history of 5-year duration of a painless and extensive mass involving the palate, the alveolar ridge of the first quadrant and the base of the maxillary labial vestibule, of a whitishyellowish colour, with erythematous areas and verrucous exophytic aspect. The lesion was diagnosed as compatible with verrucous leukoplakia with severe dysplasia and foci of squamous cell carcinoma on histological examination. Discussion: Based on a clear correlation between clinical features and histological findings, the lesion was diagnosed as a proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. There is no consensus on the diagnostic criteria, as these lesions vary clinically and histologically during the clinical course, ranging from hyperkeratosis without epithelial dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma. For this reason, many proliferative verrucous leukoplakia are not diagnosed correctly and most of them may evolve into malignancy.
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