CdS x Se 1 À x quantum dots received considerable attention in academic studies and as cut-off filters and indirect-gap semiconductors. These later compounds have also been used for artistic purposes to produce colored glass since the 1920s thanks to their bright colors. Because non-invasive conditions are now mandatory when considering objects belonging to the cultural heritage, the use of Raman and fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy has been identified as potential ones to obtain information about the nanostructure of six samples of historical glass produced between the late 1920s and modern days. The average elemental composition of the nanocrystals has been deduced processing both optical and vibrational data, and the result arising has been compared taking into account the several factors affecting the experimental results. The diffusion of zinc inside the nanocrystals has also been questioned by the shift caused on the CdS-and CdSe-like phonon band wavenumber and on the absorption edge wavelength. An investigation of the size distribution and crystallinity of CdS x Se 1 À x nanoparticles has been also performed considering those parameters that are mainly influenced by the disorder of the system, such as the extent of the Urbach tail and the Raman bandwidth. Thanks to the results obtained, discrimination between the more recent glass and the older Art Nouveau ones has been verified, leading to the identification of a useful analytical protocol for conservation purposes.
The characterization of archaeological ceramics according to their chemical composition provides essential information about the production and distribution of specific pottery wares. If a correlation between compositional patterns and local production centers is assumed, pottery manufacturing and trade and, more generally, economic, political, as well as cultural relations between communities and regions can be investigated. In the present paper, the combined application of portable XRF and statistical analysis to the investigation of a large repertory of ceramic fragments allowed us to group the assemblage by identifying geochemical clusters. The results from the chemical and statistical analysis were then compared with reference ceramic samples from the same area, as well as with macroscopic and petrographic observations to confirm, coalesce or sub-divide putative sub-divisions. The study of 141 samples from different sites located within a wide area spanning across the Colline Metallifere and the coast (Monterotondo Marittimo, Roccastrada, Donoratico, and Vetricella) provided new clues for a new interpretive archaeological framework that suggests that there was a well-defined organization of pottery manufacturing and circulation across southern Tuscany during the early medieval period.
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