'take' and se 'say' served instrumental, commitative, and complementizer functions, respectively. Sabino argues that SVCs did not directly descend from Kwa SVCs, but emerged due to the application of Kwa discourse patterns to Germanic material. In contrast to N, HKs two verb sequences are essentially bare infinitival complements, further supporting the view that HK is different to N. Appendices 1 and 2 provide a translation from German and Dutch respectively of Pontoppidan's observations of and texts in N and a fifty-nine-page glossary that documents lexical variability in N. This study of the history of VIDC is not only of interest to researchers interested in Dutch creoles. It is a fine demonstration of how careful cross-disciplinary research can provide invaluable insights into the conditions, processes, and outcomes of language-contact situations past and present.
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