The objective of this research note is to introduce Scope, Range, and Extent of Manifesto Project Data Usage (SRE). This is a content analysis of publications that use the Manifesto Project's Database (MANIFESTO Database), its resulting dataset, and a handbook for users and forthcoming coders. Up to now, a total of 273 articles published between 2000 and the first semester of 2015 in eight high-impact journals (

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Cómo citar/CitationAres, C. y Volkens, A. (2017 ResumenEste trabajo examina el proceso de incorporación de las democracias latinoamericanas a la base de datos del Manifesto Project -desde 2009 llamado Manifesto Research on Political Representation (MARPOR)-. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y conceptuales del estudio del funcionamiento de las cadenas de delegación en regímenes presidenciales empleando el enfoque de este proyecto. Particularmente, se analiza el significado de los programas electorales en sistemas parlamentarios y presidenciales. Asimismo, se explica la revisión del esquema de clasificación estándar y otros ajustes en la metodología de MARPOR introducidos con anterioridad a esta extensión. Finalmente, se comparte el protocolo seguido para recabar programas de partidos y candidatos en América Latina.Palabras clave: Manifesto Project, MARPOR, América Latina, regímenes presidenciales. AbstractThis piece of research examines the inclusion of Latin American democracies into the Manifesto Project´s database -named Manifesto Research on Political Representation (MAR-POR) since 2009-. It addresses some theoretical and conceptual implications related to the study of the functioning of delegation chains in presidential regimes from MARPOR´s perspective. Particularly, it is here analyzed the meaning of electoral programs in parliamentary and presidential systems. Besides, it is explained the revision of the standard classification scheme and other adjustments introduced to the methodology prior to this extension.

This article compares parliamentary preferences on welfare expenditure in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, and the United Kingdom between 1996 and 2013. The analysis is focused on the relationship between the type of welfare regime and the programmatic offer on the volume of social spending. Two indexes were calculated: social spending and social retrenchment. Upon emergence from the recession, an increasingly homogeneous conception is detected of social policies as being subordinated to economic policies; convergence has occurred within each of the worlds of welfare, maintaining the variation among them found prior to the Crisis.

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