Functional diabetic microangiopathy of skin vessels is well known (decreased reactivity of arterioles to various stimuli, increased capillary pressure and permeability). In contrast to conventional capiUaroscopy, recently introduced infrared fluorescence videomicroscopy with indocyanine green allows one to depict capillary aneurysms, even when filled with plasma alone. Seventeen healthy volunteers (mean age 37.7 years), 14 patients with type I diabetes without (31.3 years) and 17 with retinal microaneurysms (46.8 years) were studied. The mean duration of diabetes in patients without retinal microaneurysms was 14.2 years (4-36 years) and in those with retinal microaneurysms 21.5 years (8-49 years). Nailfold capillary aneurysms were present in 3 of 17 healthy controls, in 7 of 14 patients without and in 10 of 17 patients with retinopathy. Patients with type I diabetes with and without retinopathy exhibited significantly more skin microaneurysms (p < 0.05 and < 0.005, respectively) than the controls. The prevalence in the patients with retinal microaneurysms tended to be even higher. Skin capillary aneurysms, which may be depicted in vivo by sophisticated infrared fluorescence videomicroscopy, even when filled by plasma alone, are an important morphological feature of diabetic microangiopathy.
Bees play a fundamental role in the ecological balance of ecosystems, due to the pollination process they carry out on crops, including the production of honey. However, the mortality of bees is a significant concern; bee mortality can occur for several reasons, such as pesticides, mites, viruses, climate change, pathogens and a reduction in food resources and nests. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most widely used bee for commercial pollination and honey production. Therefore, the main objective is to compare the development of patent families and article publications related to the reduction in A. meliífera mortality. Data on patent families were collected on the Orbit platform, while data on scientific articles were collected on the Scopus database, with a time interval of 1980–2019. Subsequently, the data were analyzed in order to show the main priority countries, main assignees, and main IPC (International Patent Classification) codes, an analysis of the technology life cycle and the correlation between the data of patent families and articles published. The technologies that help to decrease bee mortality showed a technological maturity rate of 27.15% for patent families data and 53.35% for data from articles published in journals. It was noticed that the principal interest regarding the reduction in A. mellifera mortality is focused on universities, mainly in the United States and China.
RESUMOO Sistema Toyota de Produção (STP) é uma metodologia para formular ações gerenciais de melhoria em sistemas de produção. Dentro desse sistema, uma etapa é a eliminação de perdas nos processos produtivos, técnica conhecida como a identificação das sete perdas. Em sistemas produtivos simples, como empresas produtoras de mel, apiários, normalmente não são elaboradas técnicas de melhoramento, devido principalmente ao pequeno tamanho dessas empresas e serem apenas atividades de complemento de renda a pequenos agricultores. Porém, a produção de mel representa uma das atividades que fornece grandes oportunidades para a agricultura familiar. Com isso, o objetivo desse estudo de caso é identificar as perdas por meio do Sistema Toyota de Produção em um apiário e realizar as proposições de melhorias. A justificativa do estudo consiste em melhorar o sistema produtivo de um apiário para aumentar a lucratividade dessa empresa e servir de exemplo para outras empresas produtoras de mel, a utilizar o STP para melhorar seu sistema produtivo. As perdas identificadas são principalmente relacionadas ao transporte, movimentação, estoque e espera, uma das sugestões é minimizar a distância entre as colmeias e o entreposto, as outras sugestões estão dispostas mais detalhadas no estudo.Palavras-chave: Sistema Toyota de Produção. Identificação de Perdas. Apiário. Apicultura. ABSTRACTThe Toyota Production System (STP) is a standard for managerial actions to improve production systems. Close up system, one face for the exhaustion processes in product processes, technological software with the identification of seven loss. In simple production systems, honey-producing companies, their own, usually do not elaborate breeding techniques, have their origins, and are just supplementary income activities. However, honey production represents one of the activities that provides the greatest opportunities for family farming. With this, the study of the theme is used as loss through the Toyota Production system in an apiary and perform as propositions for improvements. The justification for the method is to improve the productive system of a program to increase the profitability of a company and to serve as an example for other energy producing companies, such as STP for its production system. The losses are related to the transport, the movement, the stock and the wait, the output of videos is minimal between the colias and the warehouse.
Artigo recebido em 05/06/2018. Última versão recebida em 17/07/2018. Aprovado em 18/07/2018. Avaliado pelo sistema Triple Review: a) Desk Review pelo Editor-Chefe; e b) Double Blind Review (avaliação cega por dois avaliadores da área).
The bee Apis mellifera plays an important role in the balance of the ecosystem. New technologies are used for the evaluation of hives, and to determine the quality of the honey and the productivity of the hive. Climatic factors, management, flowering, and other factors affect the weight of a hive. The objective of this research was to explain the interrelationship between climatic variables and the weight of an Apis mellifera beehive using a vector autoregressive (VAR) model. The adjustment of a VAR model was carried out with seven climatic variables, and hive weight and its lags, by adjusting an equation that represents the studied hive considering all interrelationships. It was proven that the VAR (1) model can effectively capture the interrelationship among variables. The impulse response function and the variance decomposition show that the variable that most influences the hive weight, during the initial period, is the minimum dew point, which represents 5.33% of the variance. Among the variables analyzed, the one that most impacted the hive weight, after 20 days, was the maximum temperature, representing 7.50% of the variance. This study proves that it is possible to apply econometric statistical models to bee data and to relate them to climatic data, contributing significantly to the area of applied and bee statistics.
This study aimed to price croplands in Rio Grande do Sul State (southern Brazil) and point which variables had the most significant impact on prices. The main purpose was achieved using multiple linear regression and principal component analysis. The variables used in this study were planted area, production, price, and yield of the commodities soybean, wheat, and corn. The period under analysis was from January 1994 to December 2017 (biannual observations). Multiple linear regression showed that five variables contributed to land pricing, being three related to soybean and two to wheat. Multivariate analysis grouped the investigated variables into clusters and indicated their influence, in addition to providing information on land prices and reducing variable dimensionality from fourteen original variables to three principal components to be analyzed. The two analyses complemented each other so that the croplands’ price was explained by three variables, in which two corroborated in constructing the pricing model for croplands.
A adaptação de sistemas mecânicos em equipamentos já existentes é uma possiblidade na engenharia e visa praticidade e economia de custos. O objetivo é projetar um equipamento que facilite a elevação e o transporte de cargas em diversos setores da indústria e principalmente da agricultura. Sendo assim no decorrer deste trabalho é possível compreender como pode ser desenvolvida uma empilhadeira acoplada em um trator. Esta empilhadeira pode suportar 2.000 quilos em carga distribuída sobre os garfos, a uma altura de até 3 metros. Uma vantagem desse tipo de equipamento é que ele é acoplado a um trator eliminando a necessidade de compra de uma empilhadeira automotriz. Na apresentação e análise dos resultados é realizado o dimensionamento do garfo e da torre, neste tópico são apresentados cálculos de esforços, momento de inércia, análise da carga e momento fletor gerado pela carga. É realizado o desenho de todo o equipamento utilizando a ferramenta computacional SolidWorks, indicando os componentes projetados e também estudando as simulações de carga estática para análise da estrutura. Neste trabalho foi concluído que há a possibilidade de projetar um equipamento de elevação e transporte de carga que seja acoplável a um trator.
As empresas atuais procuram obter algumas melhorias na qualidade de seus produtos que as diferencie das outras. Nesse contexto, devido a constante evolução e desenvolvimento da agricultura e da industrialização, a empresa pesquisada sentiu a necessidade de mudança. Portanto, considerando as colocações expostas, o objetivo do trabalho baseia-se em avaliar a viabilidade de aquisição de um equipamento para diversificar produtos oriundos da farinha de trigo. Para isso, utilizou-se o método exploratório, o qual permitirá, obter um conhecimento prévio do assunto e analisar alguns fatos importantes da empresa em questão. Desse modo, através da elaboração de orçamentos, análise financeira da empresa e cálculos de ponto de equilíbrio e faturamento geral, foi possível confirmar que o tempo de retorno sobre o investimento é baixo, comparado com outros equipamentos.
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