ANTONELLI C. (2000) Collective knowledge communication and innovation: the evidence of technological districts, Reg. Studies 34 , 535-547. Technological knowledge is a collective good in that its generation is the result of a process that combines pieces of information and knowledge that are owned by a variety of parties and cannot be traded as such. With low transaction and communication costs technological externalities can fully deploy their effects in terms of increasing returns and positive feedbacks. The conditions and features of communication processes explain the clustering of innovations in well de ned regional spaces. Localization in technological districts featured by multichannel communications systems favours access to external knowledge, now viewed as an essential intermediary input in the generation of technological knowledge, and encourages the introduction of localized technological changes, leading to self-reinforcing mechanisms based upon localized increasing returns. ANTONELLI C. (2000) La transmission de la connaissance collective et l'innovation: des preuves provenant des districts technologiques: Reg. Studies 34 , 535-547. La connaisasance technologique est un bien collectif dans la mesure où elle résulte d'un processus qui allie des renseignements et des connaissances possédés en copropriété qui ne peuvent pas être échangés en tant que telle. Etant donné les coûts des transactions et de la communication peu élevés, les effets externes puissent se déployer entièrement en termes de leurs rendements accroissants et de leurs retombées positives. Les conditions et les caractéristiques des processus de communication expliquent le regroupement des innovations dans des espaces régionaux bien délimités. L'implantation dans des districts technologiques caractérisés par des systèmes de communication à plusieurs chaînes, favorise l'accès à la connaissance externe, considéré de nos jours comme un facteur intermédiaire indispensablè a la connaissance technologique, et encourage l'introduction des transformations technologiques localisées, ce qui entraîne des mécanismes de renforcement autonomes basés sur des rendements accroissants localisés. ANTONELLI C. (2000) Kollektive Wissensvermittlung und Innovation: Beweismaterial technologischer Gebiete, Reg. Studies 34 , 535‐547. Technologisches Wissen ist ein Gemeingut insofern als seine Schaffung das Ergebnis eines Prozesses darstellt, in dem Einzelinformations- und Wissensbrocken zusammengefügt werden, dievon vielerlei Gruppen stammen und als solche gehandelt werden können. Dank niedriger Geschäfts-und Kommunikationskosten können externe technologische Faktoren ihre Wirkungen angesichts zunehmendem Profits und positiver Rückinformationen voll einsetzen. Die Bedingungen und Merkmale von Kommunikationsprozessen erklären die Häufung von Innovationen in genau umschriebenen regionalen Räumen. Örtliche Begrenzung in technologischen Distrikten, die in Mehrfachkanalsystemen für Kommunikation vorkommen, begünstigen den Zugang zu Außenwissen, das jetzt in der Genera...
This paper contributes the analysis of the persistence of innovation activities, as measured by different innovation indicators and explores its past and path dependent characteristics. The study provides new insights on the role of R&D investments in innovation persistence and analyses differentiated patterns of persistence across product and process innovation, by accounting for complementarity effects between the two types of innovative behaviour. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 451 Italian manufacturing companies observed during the years 1998-2006, and exploits both descriptive techniques such as Transition Probability Matrix and econometric methods based on dynamic probit models. Results highlight the relevance of innovation persistence. The highest level of persistence is found for R&D-based innovation activities, witnessing the actual presence of significant entry and exit barriers. Moreover, we obtain more robust evidence of persistence for product innovation than for process innovation when complementarity effects between the two types of innovation are accounted for.
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