Background Despite the global decline in the detection of leprosy cases, its incidence has remained unchanged in certain settings and requires the determination of the factors linked to its persistence. We examined the spatial and space–time distribution of leprosy and the influence of social vulnerability on the occurrence of the disease in an endemic area of Northeast Brazil. Methods We performed an ecological study of all leprosy cases reported by Sergipe state, Northeast Brazil from 2001 to 2015, to examine the association of the Social Vulnerability Index and the prevalence and persistence of leprosy among the State's municipalities. Socio‐economic and leprosy surveillance information was collected from the Brazilian information systems, and a Bayesian empirical local model was used to identify fluctuations of the indicators. Spatial and space–time clusters were identified using scan spatial statistic tests and to measure the municipalities’ relative risk of leprosy. Results Leprosy clusters and burden of disease had a strong statistical association with the municipalities’ Social Vulnerability Index. Municipalities with a high social vulnerability had higher leprosy incidence, multibacillary leprosy and newly diagnosed cases with grade 2 disability than areas with low social vulnerability. Conclusion Social vulnerability is strongly associated with leprosy transmission and maintenance of disease incidence. Leprosy control programmes should be targeted to the populations with high social vulnerability.
A pandemic is capable of generating a great impact, not only from the point of view of health, but also socioeconomically. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that a new pandemic situation had arisen, due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, whose probable origin was zoonotic. The largest number of cases of this disease is concentrated in the United States of America (USA), India, and Brazil. The mortality rate is estimated at 3.4%, but regional differences may exist, and places with a high demographic density have become true epicentres and may be related to higher rates of transmission. In addition to the above, lower human development indexes (HDI) can be related to worse outcomes, especially in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil since they are the least developed places. The Northeast region is the second-most-affected place in the number of COVID-19 cases in Brazil. An analytical observational study of an ecological type was carried out from April to October 2020 to assess the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in the state of Sergipe and specifically to analyse the incidence of cases and deaths resulting from COVID-19 in the different health regions of the state of Sergipe, in relation to the values of the HDI and demographic density. During the study period, 84,325 cases of COVID-19 were identified, in which 2205 resulted in death. In most of the regions studied, there was a positive association between the number of cases and deaths and the greater the demographic density, but there was no increase in the risk of becoming ill, nor of dying the lower the HDI. Large and crowded cities are places of greatest vulnerability to illness, due to their greater capacity of transmitting the virus; however, further studies are needed to identify other factors that are decisive in the outcomes of this new disease.
Objetivo: relatar a experiência educativa vivenciada para a população quilombola da comunidade de Patioba, desenvolvidas por equipe acadêmica na temática da promoção e prevenção das doenças associadas ao vetor Aedes aegypti. Método: estudo do tipo relato de experiência realizado na comunidade quilombola Patioba no Estado de Sergipe desenvolvido por discentes do curso de enfermagem que utilizaram metodologias de observação da realidade e roda de conversa para levantamento de problemas e possíveis resoluções para os mesmos. Resultados: Os principais problemas elencados estão associados a proliferação do Aedes aegypti bem como a síntese de soluções fundamentadas na literatura para interromper a proliferação do vetor Aedes aegypti promovendo a prevenção e controle das doenças Dengue, Zika e Chikungunya. Conclusão: as atividades desenvolvidas proporcionaram a difusão de conhecimentos sobre a proliferação e controle do mosquito, tornando os participantes corresponsáveis pelo controle do vetor e promoção da sua saúde.
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