The European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) is the infrastructure that provides access to the seismic-waveform archives collected by European agencies. This distributed system is managed by Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology. EIDA provides seamless access to seismic data from 12 data archives across Europe by means of standard services, exposing data on behalf of hundreds of network operators and research organizations. More than 12,000 stations from permanent and temporary networks equipped with seismometers, accelerometers, pressure sensors, and other sensors are accessible through the EIDA federated services. A growing user base currently counting around 3000 unique users per year has been requesting data and using EIDA services. The EIDA system is designed to scale up to support additional new services, data types, and nodes. Data holdings, services, and user numbers have grown substantially since the establishment of EIDA in 2013. EIDA is currently active in developing suitable data management approaches for new emerging technologies (e.g., distributed acoustic sensing) and challenges related to big datasets. This article reviews the evolution of EIDA, the current data holdings, and service portfolio, and gives an outlook on the current developments and the future envisaged challenges.

The aim of this article is to analyze the background, current status, and outlook of seismic monitoring products and services in Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine. These countries manage seismic networks that contribute to the European Integrated Data Archive node in the framework of the Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology, which represents a collaborative effort in coordinating observational seismology across the European region through the collection, archiving, and dissemination of seismic waveform data, metadata, and related products. All of the aforementioned countries share a common threat: strong earthquakes occurring in the Vrancea area located in central-eastern Romania at intermediate depths (usually in the 60–180 km interval). Events such as the ones on 10 November 1940 and 4 March 1977 generated high damage in Romania, northern Bulgaria, and Moldova. In addition to Vrancea, crustal earthquakes in areas such as Shabla or Dulovo can lead to cross-border damage. Therefore, understanding the way national seismic networks are distributed, how they cooperate, and the products and services that they provide in (near) real time and their terms is of significant interest in the context of necessary hazard harmonization and joint emergency intervention and risk mitigation actions.

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