This study seeks to investigate the livelihood patterns of the climate-induced people migrated by the flood in 2017 in the char areas. At the same time, examines a number of outcomes i.e. causes of displacement, demographic and socio-economic conditions of the affected people and the opportunities to obtain the local public services. A triangulation approach has been employed, where respectably qualitative and quantitative data have been obtained through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, participant observation and a household questionnaire survey. The data have been collected from three unions of two Upazila (sub-district) in the Gaibandha district. The results reveal that the flood-affected displaced people were migrated to the close at hand places owing to their economic vulnerability, damage of physical properties. And they were suffering adequately for their joblessness, scarcity of housing, health issues, and lower opportunities to the local civic amenities. The exploratory findings would be a crucial thoughtfulness for the disaster policymakers, managers, and civil societies.
The present study attempts to analyze flood disaster phenomenon on local char village and the people"s adaptation strategies against the catastrophe flood in the char. This study predominantly is qualitative. At the same time, quantitative data have also been used for doing research meaningfully. After the field survey, the empirical sociological analysis reveals that the socio-economic impact was worsened. This impact showed that almost 100% of crops land washed, 49% of livestock fully damaged, 70% of people lost their income as well as 35.2% of house fully damaged, 95.2% of households loss of food stock and most of the sanitary facilities affected due to the extreme flood in 2017 at kalur para Char village of Fulchari Upazila (Sub-district). Regarding this matter, local people took some of their strategies to alleviate the intensity of the flood disaster, which helped them to survive. These Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 47 strategies were categorized into three phases, i.e. before, during and after the flood. At the time of field survey, it was found that people were mainly engaged to raise the house from the ground, stockpile dry and constant food, move their livestock to safer palaces, sow rapid growing paddy, take shelter in high places, purify drinking water by boiling before and during the flood. After the flood, some measures taken by people were also identified, i.e. regarding financial solvency people took a loan from various organizations, grow short time crops, explore new work opportunities etc. As a result, the severity of the flood is somewhat reducing, and the affected people are also getting pluck to survive against the flood.
Migration is a movement of people from one region to another, at an international level the migration takes place from one country to another. Japan has a history as a country that is closed, does not want to open up with other countries. But as a result of the economic downturn, the Japanese government wants to withdraw Nikkeijin (a foreign citizen who is still of Japanese descent) to return to Japan and work in Japan. Brazilian Nikkeijin has a history with Japan where the early history of the Japanese population immigrated more to Japan, led by Kasato Maru. Hamamatsu City, Japan, is Japan's most industrialized city entered by the Brazilian Nikkeijin. There is a network influenced by an increase in migrants in Hamamatsu, Japan. This study analyzes the network in increasing Brazilian migrants in Hamamatsu, Japan in 2000-2006 using network theory proposed by Doughlas S. Massey.
The problem regarding migrants has occurred a long time ago in the Dominican Republic where Haitian migrants entered as slaves to the sugar industry in 1990 without certain conditions. The problem is further complicated when the flow of migration from Haiti to Dominica issues a policy to tackle the migration problem with the aim of reducing the high flow of migrants from Haiti. This paper examines the push and pulling factors of the Haitian population to migrate to the Republic of Dominica through the concept of the International Migration and Pulling Factors. Through the National Regularization Plan policy of the government of the Republic of Dominica seeks to reduce the flow of migration from Haiti, however this policy has been less effective since it was implemented in 2015.
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