Patients rated interpretation services highly no matter how they were provided but experienced only the method employed at the time of the encounter. Providers and interpreters were exposed to all three methods, were more critical of remote methods, and preferred videoconferencing to the telephone as a remote method. The significantly shorter phone interviews raise questions about the prospects of miscommunication in telephonic interpretation, given the absence of a visual channel, but other factors might have affected time results. Since the patient population studied was Hispanic and predominantly female care must be taken in generalizing these results to other populations.

Patients and dermatologists prefer in-person examinations and diverge on preferring store-and-forward and live interactive when video is not compressed. The amount of video compression that can be applied without noticeable image degradation is a question for future research.

Background: Hypertension is a major cardiovascular illness worldwide with many underlying causes. The role of trace elements selenium, copper, and zinc in hypertension is uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of these trace elements in hypertension. Method: Data from 6683 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed using Statistical Analytical System (SAS, version 9.4) software for the role of trace elements in hypertension in age range 8 to 80 years, irrespective of the antihypertensive medication taken. Recent American Heart Association guidelines and pediatric practice guidelines for hypertension were used. Results: Findings showed a significant positive association between serum selenium levels and hypertension but not serum zinc and copper. At optimal levels for transport and distribution, serum selenium levels of 120 μg/L or higher (reference level 70-150 μg/L) were significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.29-1.66) after adjusting for confounding factors. At serum selenium level greater than 150 μg/L, the association with hypertension strengthened (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.32-2.17). Conclusion: A positive association was found between serum selenium and hypertension, irrespective of age or anti-hypertensive medications intake. These findings also suggest that the reference levels of serum levels in healthy individuals may need to be re-determined, if supported by additional studies. If validated, patients with hypertension may also need to be cautioned about selenium intake.

Background: There is little teledermatology research directly comparing remote methods, even less research with two inperson dermatologist agreement providing a baseline for comparing remote methods, and no research using high definition video as a live interactive method. Objective: To compare inperson consultations with store-and-forward and live interactive methods, the latter having two levels of image quality. Methods: A controlled study was conducted where patients were examined in-person, by high definition video, and by store-and-forward methods. The order patients experienced methods and residents assigned methods rotated, although an attending always saw patients in-person. The type of high definition video employed, lower resolution compressed or higher resolution uncompressed, was alternated between clinics. Primary and differential diagnoses, biopsy recommendations, and diagnostic and biopsy confidence ratings were recorded. Results: Concordance and confidence were significantly better for in-person versus remote methods and biopsy recommendations were lower. Store-and-forward and higher resolution uncompressed video results were similar and better than those for lower resolution compressed video. Limitations: Dermatology residents took store-and-forward photos and their quality was likely superior to those normally taken in practice. There were variations in expertise between the attending and second and third year residents. Conclusion: The superiority of in-person consultations suggests the tendencies to order more biopsies or still see patients in-person are often

This study investigated information retrieval from hyper-Most hypertext human-computer interaction research text on Internet's World Wide Web (WWW). Significant has been done with stand-alone systems. A truly global main and interaction effects were found for both link hypertext/hypermedia environment has only become a density (number of links per display) and display format reality with the advent of Internet's World Wide Web (in paragraphs or lists) on search performance. Low link (WWW) (Krol, 1996). Web technology enables authors densities displayed in list format produced the best overall results, in terms of search accuracy, search time, to interconnect multimedia documents and resources renumber of links explored, and search task prioritization. siding on multiple servers worldwide (Reynolds, 1996), Lower densities affected user ability to prioritize search and it offers a new, more expansive environment for tasks and produced more accurate searches, while list studying hypertext issues. This study addresses some of displays positively affected all aspects of searching exthe issues associated with finding information and navicept task prioritization. The performance of novices and experts, in terms of their previous experience browsing gating large, multimedia information spaces. It examines hypertext on the WWW, was compared. Experts perold hypertext research variables and new ones within the formed better, mostly because of their superior task pricontext of the World Wide Web. oritization.

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Mobile teledermatology application interfaces, services, and cost vary, with some risking medical errors and possible distribution of continuity of care. The American Telemedicine Association's guidelines for teledermatology need to address the use of direct to consumer apps. To protect consumers, app regulation, certification, or guidelines suggesting appropriate development and use might be considered.

BackgroundMinorities are underrepresented in health professions and efforts to recruit minority students into health careers are considered a way to reduce health disparities. There is little research about the effectiveness of these programs, other than satisfaction. This study aimed to measure program effects on student understanding of and interest in health careers.MethodsStudents took a career interest inventory, completed a scale measuring their self-reported understanding and interest in health careers, and wrote essays about health careers before and after completing a 1 week on campus internship on health careers and after a 9 month follow up distance mentoring program where they continued to interact with university faculty by videoconference about career options. Changes in inventory, scale, and essay scores were analyzed for changes over time using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests.ResultsInventory scores were unchanged over time, but scale and essay scores trended upward significantly post internship and mentoring.ConclusionHealth career education and mentoring programs can positively affect student knowledge of health careers and their attitudes about them. The study’s methods extend measures of program impact beyond satisfaction.