METHODS Data SourcesData relating to the numbers of NPC training programs and graduates and to the current and past numbers of practitioners were obtained from reports and articles published by professional, certifying, and other national organizations. Data relating to training programs in the alternative disciplines were obtained directly from the individual schools and colleges, as previously reported. 3 Published data were supplemented and updated by direct communication with professional organizations and state licensing boards and by information available through their Internet Web sites (Table 1). Data relating to physicians (doctors of medicine and doctors of osteopathy) were drawn from previously published studies. 4,10 DefinitionsThe term advanced practice nurse (APN) refers to NPs, CNMs, CRNAs, and CNSs. Advanced practice nurses who received training as both CNSs and NPs were counted as NPs. Those NPs and CNSs engaged primarily in education or research, in psychiatric and mental health

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Low-income children with SCD demonstrate significantly higher healthcare utilization for inpatient care, emergency center care, and home health care compared to children with similar socio-demographic characteristics. A substantial proportion of children with SCD may fail to meet minimum guidelines for outpatient primary and hematology comprehensive care.

The frequency of erosive esophagitis is slightly higher in male children and increases with age. In contrast to erosive esophagitis in adults, there were no significant variations according to race or ethnicity. Hiatal hernia is the only endoscopic observation that predicts erosive esophagitis.

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