With increasing concern for the natural environment, current practices in stormwater management planning have moved away from traditional applications such as detention as a means of quantity control, towards techniques that combine both quantity and quality control. These techniques lower stormwater runoff volumes, recharge groundwater and mitigate the transportation of contaminants. One such type of management practice is installation of permeable pavement.The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of code for the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to allow planners and designers to simulate the responses of permeable pavements in long-term modeling applications. The int!ltration capacity of the porous pavement was determined from past studies, and takes into account degradation over time and regeneration by mechanical means.
Many publications include references to reliability, risk and resilience, specifically within the context of climate change and rapid urbanization. However, there is a considerable gap between theory and actual implementation by drainage professionals. As such, most drainage professionals will not have an appreciation of a drainage system's response to events in excess of its original design event. This gap is compounded by the desire toward evaluating components such as “critical infrastructure” for events significantly more severe than ever contemplated. This paper, reflecting the combined wisdom and thoughts of various drainage professionals across Canada involved with the creation of the Canadian drainage standards (CSA W204 and W210), provides a treatise of risk and resilience based on the application of the dual drainage principle. It provides a discussion of key factors including climate change; densification; shape, intensity, duration and spatial extent of storm events, as a function of the normalized capacity or drain down/emptying time of the various components of the drainage system. Commentaries are offered, highlighting the role of appropriate setbacks and freeboard, and focusing on those aspects that have historically been ignored. Avenues to increase system resilience are presented including an evolution in passive and active flow controls, the potential beneficial role of natural systems and low impact development practices as a function of system sensitivity, discussing how options may vary across Canada.
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