There was no significant increase in the overall or site-specific cancer risk from ARBs compared to controls.

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Colorado death certificate data from 1979 through 2001 show that the risk for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease did not increase for residents of counties where chronic wasting disease is endemic among deer and elk.

Aims: To examine the effects of pioglitazone or endurance exercise training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and insulin resistance. Methods: Seventy-eight adults (mean age ± SD: 65 ± 7 years) with central obesity and MCI were randomized to6 months of endurance exercise, pioglitazone or control. Results: Sixty-six participants completed the study. Exercise training did not significantly increase peak oxygen uptake compared to control (p = 0.12). Compared to control, insulin resistance improved in the pioglitazone group (p = 0.002) but not in the exercise group (p = 0.25). There was no measureable effect of pioglitazone or exercise on cognitive performance compared to control. Conclusion: In this pilot study, pioglitazone improved insulin resistance but not cognitive performance in older adults with MCI and insulin resistance.

Delayed post-hypoxic encephalopathy is an uncommon but potentially debilitating consequence of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. This condition is characterized by delayed neurological deterioration days-to-weeks after an initial partial or complete recovery from hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. The course of recovery from this condition is highly variable, ranging from rapid and fatal progression over several weeks to delayed but occasionally complete recovery. There are no reports describing neurorehabilitative, including neuropharmacologic, interventions for persons with persistent neurological and/or neurobehavioural deficits following delayed post-hypoxic encephalopathy. This study describes the case of a 24-year old male who developed delayed post-hypoxic encephalopathy following an unintentional methadone and diazepam overdose and who demonstrated cognitive and neurobehavioural improvements during treatment with amantadine HCl hydrochloride in a single-case, open-label design. A brief review of the literature regarding this condition, its treatment and suggestions for further study are presented.

VEOAD can present with atypical clinical features, including findings suggestive of frontotemporal dementia. All reported cases of VEOAD with conclusive genetic analysis seem to be associated with PSEN1 mutations. Genetic testing in adults younger than 35 with dementia can identify the genetic defect and assist in diagnosis and family counseling.

Toxic leukoencephalopathy (TL) is a disorder of brain white matter caused by exposure to leukotoxic agents. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can readily identify this syndrome, and, together with diffusion tensor imaging, MRI continues to offer important insights into its nature. Since the first formal description of TL in 2001, many new leukotoxic disorders have been recognized, and the range of leukotoxins has expanded to include more therapeutic drugs, drugs of abuse, and environmental insults. While the understanding of pathophysiology remains incomplete, TL is increasingly common in clinical practice, and the potential long-term cognitive sequelae of toxic white matter injury merit attention.

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