Fort Leavenworth, KansasFirst Term AY 00-01REPORT Public reporting burder for this collection of information is estibated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. ABSTRACT This monograph seeks to determine if the U.S. Army adequately prepares company grade officers to interact successfully with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) during humanitarian assistance and peace operations. It briefly analyzes the current operational environment and highlights that the U.S. Army is conducting Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW) more frequently than in previous years. The author examines the culture and numerical explosion of NGOs and discusses their presence and participation in future operations. Using doctrinal information and the historical case studies of operations in Iraq, Somalia, and Haiti, successful and unsuccessful NGO-military interactions are examined. The author emphasizes the positive correlation that historically exists between effective interactions and mission success. Based on operational experiences, the unique knowledge and skills required for successful interactions with NGOs at the company grade officer-level are determined. Using this information as a baseline, the army's leader development system is analyzed and the author determines that the current system does not systematically prepare company grade officers for successful interactions with NGOs. In conclusion, recommendations are offered to improve company grade officer preparation for future operations. This monograph seeks to determine if the U.S. Army adequately prepares company grade officers to interact successfully with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) during humanitarian assistance and peace operations. It briefly analyzes the current operational environment and highlights that the U.S. Army is conducting Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW) more frequently than in previous years. The author examines the culture and numerical explosion of NGOs and discusses their presence and participation in future operations. Using doctrinal information and the historical case studies of operations in Iraq, Somalia, and Haiti, successful and unsuccessful NGO-military interactions are examined. The author emphasizes the positive correlation that historically exists between effective interactions and mission success. Based on operational experiences, the unique knowledge and skills required for successful interactions with NGOs at the company grade officer-level are determined. Using this information as a baseline, the army's leader development system is analyzed and the author determines that the current system does not systematically prepare company grade officers for successful interactions with NGOs. In conclusion, recommendations are offered to improve company grade officer preparation for future operations. SUBJECT TERMS
STANDING JOINT TASK FORCES: COMMANDS NOW NEEDED by MAJ Craig A. Osborne, U.S. Army, 65 pages.As the 21 st century emerges, the U.S. will face threats that are more ambiguous and regionally focused than those found in previous years. This monograph seeks to determine if the U.S. military would be better prepared to conduct contingency operations if each geographic combatant commander established regionally-focused, contingency-based standing JTF headquarters. After analyzing the current political and military environments, the author highlights the doctrinal guidance concerning JTFs and identifies the circumstances surrounding their formation. The three methods used to form JTFs in contingency operations are then analyzed, citing historical examples of each, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are identified. The initiative of standing JTFs is then dissected through a similar analysis. The author determines that standing JTFs are more effective when considering staff synchronization, responsiveness, regional knowledge and understanding, interoperability, service biases, resources, and commander/staff expertise. The author concludes by making recommendations to mitigate the disadvantages found with the standing JTF initiative. Standing Joint Task Forces:Commands Now Needed As the 21 st century emerges, the U.S. will face threats that are more ambiguous and regionally focused than those found in previous years. This monograph seeks to determine if the U.S. military would be better prepared to conduct contingency operations if each geographic combatant commander established regionally-focused, contingency-based standing JTF headquarters. After analyzing the current political and military environments, the author highlights the doctrinal guidance concerning JTFs and identifies the circumstances surrounding their formation. The three methods used to form JTFs in contingency operations are then analyzed, citing historical examples of each, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are identified. The initiative of standing JTFs is then dissected through a similar analysis. The author determines that standing JTFs are more effective when considering staff synchronization, responsiveness, regional knowledge and understanding, interoperability, service biases, resources, and commander/staff expertise. The author concludes by making recommendations to mitigate the disadvantages found with the standing JTF initiative.
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