Introduction: Alcohol use conditions like alcohol abuse and dependence, are liberal mental conditions that have a high prevalence amongst the general populace. The co-occurrence of alcohol or drug dependence along with other psychological conditions worsens psychiatric diseases, elevates their frequency, increases hospitalization, and decreases life expectancy. The present study was conducted with the aim to determine psychiatric co morbidities amongst alcohol and drug dependence subjects.
Introduction: Psychiatric disorders has been considered one of the major driving factors for suicide and attempted suicide. The rates of suicide attempts are found to be higher than the completed suicides. Attempted suicide is a common clinical problem in a general hospital setting, encompassing a wide variety of medical and social perspective, some important psycho-socio-demographic variables such as life events, mode of attempts and social factors have not been explored in depth in Sikkim. Current study aimed to identify the sociodemographic factors, methods and to identify the risk factors leading to suicidal attempts. Material and Methods: All the consecutive cases of suicide attempts (n =100) treated in a general hospital were evaluated for psychosocial, clinical risk factors, suicide characteristics, psychiatric morbidity co-morbidity and psychiatric diagnosis by using ICD-10. Presumptive stressful life event scale was utilized to calculate life events score. A self designed Performa was administered to the subjects relating the factors responsible for the attempts. The data thus obtained was compiled and analyzed. Result: Result of the present study shows 49% were male and 51% were female. Peak occurrence of suicidal attempts was found in the second and third decades (21-30 years). Nuclear family, rural background, self employed and having secondary education were more represented. Hindus constituted 59% of the total suicide attempters and 56% were from middle (class II) socioeconomic groups. More than 75% of attempters had psychiatric diagnosis and precipitating life events prior to attempts. The most common method of attempt was by hanging. Depressive disorder (44%) constituted a major category of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Majority of attempters were young adults, had lower educational achievement with a high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and co-morbidity. Early identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders would have prevented the mortality associated with suicide. A proper psychiatric referral system through a village mechanism of prompt recognition and referral for psychiatric services should be built up to reduce the incidence of suicidal death.
Introduction: Vitamin D is increasingly being recognized as important for brain health, apart from its importance in endocrine and bone health. There is evidence that vitamin D deficiency is also related to medical problems such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, to which patients with psychiatric illnesses are particularly vulnerable. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess Vitamin D levels in psychiatric patients. Material and Methods:The present study was conducted among 108 psychiatric patients visiting out-patient department for psychiatry treatment at district hospital, Namchi, South Sikkim. Vitamin D levels were estimated using serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D). Data so obtained was analyzed using SPSS-20 and was expressed as number and percentage as required.Results: Assessment of Vitamin D 3 levels (ng/ml) among psychiatric patients revealed that 23 (22%) had Vitamin D 3 levels up to 10 ng/ml, 48 (44%) had 11-20 ng/ml and 37 (34%) had Vitamin D 3 levels ranging 21-30 ng/ml. Conclusion:Assessment of Vitamin D levels among psychiatric patients revealed that majority of patients had insufficient Vitamin D levels. Thus, evaluation and treatment of vitamin D deficiency should be considered to protect musculoskeletal health.
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