The results from this study demonstrate that systemic and peripheral fat mitochondria improve in patients switched to tenofovir following long-term exposure to stavudine, while continuing protease inhibitor therapy.
Core tip: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can provide a promising cell therapy for treatment of diabetes and associated complications. ADSCs' multipotency allows differentiation into insulin-producing β-cells. Antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities of ADSCs can facilitate enhanced engraftment of transplanted donor islets. Although many challenges lie ahead for ADSC-based cell therapies are used clinically to treat diabetic hyperglycemia, ADSCs represent a novel treatment option to many diabetic patients worldwide.Paek HJ, Kim C, Williams SK. Adipose stem cell-based regenerative medicine for reversal of diabetic hyperglycemia. World J Diabetes 2014; 5(3): 235-243 Available from:
Articular cartilage is a highly specialized tissue, that when critically injured has an extremely limited capacity for regeneration. Accordingly, a clinically acceptable treatment option without risks and recurrence is currently unavailable. Inadequately treated destructive and degenerative cartilage injuries will often develop into progressive joint degeneration or osteoarthritis. Conventional surgical treatments frequently produce fibrocartilage, which cannot support the original cartilage function and deteriorates rapidly, while other conservative therapies only offer symptomatic relief. Here, we review the current tissue engineering technology for cartilage repair and describe our efforts to develop advanced cell-based engineered constructs to replace structural and biological functions, and to facilitate the regeneration of new cartilage. To overcome the limited source of available autologous chondrocytes provide only a limited population for growth and repair, hence the utility of adult bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been actively investigated. Biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds, including poly-ε-caprolactone, poly-L-lactic acid, alginate, and collagen type I, have also been evaluated for their physical maneuverability, compatibility, and structural support of mesenchymal stem cells integrated into host cartilage tissue. The combination of MSCs with biomaterial scaffolds produced hyaline cartilage-like tissue with smooth articular surfaces, biochemical compositions most like that of native cartilage, and with stronger mechanical properties. As bone marrow derived MSCs are typically extracted by rather invasive means, recent studies suggest that adipose-derived stromal cells may provide similar therapeutic benefits with isolation methods that are less invasive. Based on a growing body of evidence, future strategies should clarify the role of MSCs and perhaps consider the use of adipose-derived MSCs combined with a durable and physiologically compatible biological scaffold.
Food intake, proportion, and diversity are the major cornerstones of eating behavior. This study examined changes in eating behavior phenotypes using a randomized controlled study (RCT) of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for healthy behavior augmentation (dCBT), with 45 individuals in the dCBT group and 25 individuals in the control group. The dCBT group received a daily intervention for lifestyle modification, while the control group performed self-care for eight weeks. The food intake, proportion, and diversity of both groups were assessed using two different methods: a food diary via a mobile app and buffet test meals consisting of 24 food items classified as healthy or unhealthy. Results revealed that dCBT was successful in promoting healthy eating behaviors that led to physiological and psychological adjustment for the metabolic mechanisms and consequences of healthy eating behavior. Restrained eating behavior at baseline significantly predicted changes in food intake and diversity of healthy diets after the intervention. Lastly, changes in satisfaction with body shape and insulin resistance were significantly correlated with changes in food intake and diversity in healthy diets. These findings suggest that investigating eating behaviors using objective and self-report methods and psychological and physiological indices can facilitate individualized treatment in obesity clinics.
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