WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Pain during routine infant immunization causes parental anxiety. Oral sucrose solutions are effective pain-reduction strategies. Few studies have measured a combined strategy of a physical intervention along with sucrose to decrease the infant' s pain response. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:We demonstrate that a physical, nonpharmacological intervention called the 5 S' s (swaddling, side/stomach position, shushing, swinging, and sucking) provides significant pain reduction with or without sucrose during routine 2-and 4-month vaccinations. abstract BACKGROUND: To measure the analgesic effectiveness of the 5 S's (swaddling, side/stomach position, shushing, swinging, and sucking) alone and combined with sucrose, during routine immunizations at 2 and 4 months. METHODS:We conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 2-and 4-month-old infants during well-child visits. Patients were assigned into 4 groups (2 3 2) receiving either 2 mL of water or 2 mL of 24% oral sucrose and then either standard-of-care comfort measures by parents or intervention with the 5 S's immediately postvaccination. The Modified Riley Pain Score was used to score the infants' pain at 15-second intervals for 2 minutes, then every 30 seconds up to 5 minutes postvaccination. Repeated-measures analysis of variance examined between group differences and within-subject variability of treatment effect on overall pain scores and length of crying. RESULTS:Two hundred thirty infants were enrolled. Results revealed significantly different mean pain scores between study groups with the exception of the 5S' s and 5S' s with sucrose groups. These 2 groups had lower similar mean scores over time, followed by sucrose alone, then control. The same trend was found with the proportion of children crying as with the mean pain score outcome measure.CONCLUSIONS: Physical intervention of the 5 S's (swaddling, side/ stomach position, shushing, swinging, and sucking) provided decreased pain scores on a validated pain scale and decreased crying time among 2-and 4-month-old infants during routine vaccinations. The use of 5S's did not differ from 5S's and sucrose.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.