Purpose: We aimed to understand the reasons patients choose to pursue thirdline overactive bladder (OAB) therapy. Materials and Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study that included patient interviews and survey data. Eligible patients were diagnosed by symptoms, had tried behavioral modifications, and OAB medications enrolled from October 2018 to August 2019. In addition to interviews, patients completed 4 surveys: the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory, Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Short Form, Life Orientation TestdRevised, and a patient confidence in the health care system survey. Qualitative interview data were analyzed thematically. Logistic regression and chi-square analysis was used to analyze survey data. Results: A total of 69 patients were consented, 4 withdrew, and 51 completed both interview and survey data. Overall 55% of patients were Caucasian, 45% were African American, and their average age was 71 (SD[10.4); 75% intended to pursue third-line OAB therapy and 31 (61%) expressed interest in a specific third-line therapy. Major interview themes included a desire for a better quality of life, embarrassment with accidents, and problems with medication. Themes leading patients away from third-line OAB treatment included concern about invasiveness and side effects of treatments, and restrictions to accessing care. Conclusions: Most patients desired to progress to third-line OAB therapy, were motivated by embarrassment, but were concerned about treatment side effects. We found that economic burden of OAB treatment is associated with patient interest in and decision to receive third-line therapies to include onabotuli-numtoxinA and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation. Improved quality of life, medication frustration, and concerns about side effects of further therapy are themes patients identified when patients considered third-line overactive bladder therapy.

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